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Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China

机译：西南药用植物中肉腺苗族种子萌发的转录体分析

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Cinnamomum migao is an endangered evergreen woody plant species endemic to China. Its fruit is used as a traditional medicine by the Miao nationality of China and has a high commercial value. However, its seed germination rate is extremely low under natural and artificial conditions. As the foundation of plant propagation, seed germination involves a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes; however, the molecular events and systematic changes occurring during C. migao seed germination remain unclear. In this study, combined with the changes in physiological indexes and transcription levels, we revealed the regulation characteristics of cell structures, storage substances, and antioxidant capacity during seed germination. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that abundant smooth and full oil bodies were present in the cotyledons of the seeds. With seed germination, oil bodies and other substances gradually degraded to supply energy; this was consistent with the content of storage substances. In parallel to electron microscopy and physiological analyses, transcriptome analysis showed that 80–90?% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) appeared after seed imbibition, reflecting important development and physiological changes. The unigenes involved in material metabolism (glycerolipid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, and starch and sucrose metabolism) and energy supply pathways (pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis pathway, pyruvate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) were differentially expressed in the four germination stages. Among these DEGs, a small number of genes in the energy supply pathway at the initial stage of germination maintained high level of expression to maintain seed vigor and germination ability. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were firstly activated at a large scale in the LK (seed coat fissure) stage, and then genes involved in carbohydrates (CHO) metabolism were activated, which had their own species specificity. Our study revealed the transcriptional levels of genes and the sequence of their corresponding metabolic pathways during seed germination. The changes in cell structure and physiological indexes also confirmed these events. Our findings provide a foundation for determining the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination.
机译：Cinnamomum migao是一种濒临灭绝的常绿木质植物物种的地方。它的水果被中国苗族的宗族用作传统医学，商业价值高。然而，在天然和人工条件下，其种子萌发率极低。作为植物繁殖的基础，种子萌发涉及一系列生理，细胞和分子变化;然而，在C.Migao种子萌发期间发生的分子事件和系统变化仍然尚不清楚。在本研究中，结合生理指标和转录水平的变化，我们揭示了种子萌发过程中细胞结构，储存物质和抗氧化能力的调节特征。电子显微镜分析显示，种子的子叶中存在丰富的光滑和全油体。随种子萌发，油体和其他物质逐渐降低以供应能量;这与储能物质的含量一致。与电子显微镜和生理分析平行，转录组分析表明，在种子吸收后出现了80-90〜％的差异表达基因（DEGS），反映了重要的发展和生理变化。参与材料代谢（甘油脂代谢，脂肪酸降解和淀粉和蔗糖代谢）和能量供应途径（戊糖磷酸途径，糖酵解途径，丙酮酸代谢，三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化）在四种萌发中差异表达阶段。在这些DEG中，在萌发初始阶段的能量供应途径中的少量基因保持高水平的表达，以保持种子活力和萌发能力。首先在LK（种子涂层裂缝）阶段的大规模中激活参与脂质代谢的基因，然后激活参与碳水化合物（CHO）代谢的基因，其具有自身物种特异性。我们的研究揭示了种子萌发过程中基因的转录水平和它们相应的代谢途径的序列。细胞结构和生理指标的变化也证实了这些事件。我们的研究结果为确定种子萌发的分子机制提供了基础。

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