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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions >A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long-range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements
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A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long-range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements

机译：用于远程和高空火山气体羽流量测量的多功能，多转子无人机系统

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A multi-rotor drone has been adapted for studies of volcanic gas plumes. This adaptation includes improved capacity for high-altitude and long-range, real-time SO 2 concentration monitoring, long-range manual control, remotely activated bag sampling and plume speed measurement capability. The drone is capable of acting as a stable platform for various instrument configurations, including multi-component gas analysis system (MultiGAS) instruments for in situ measurements of SO 2 , H 2 S , and CO 2 concentrations in the gas plume and portable differential optical absorption spectrometer (MobileDOAS) instruments for spectroscopic measurement of total SO 2 emission rate, remotely controlled gas sampling in bags and sampling with gas denuders for posterior analysis on the ground of isotopic composition and halogens. The platform we present was field-tested during three campaigns in Papua New Guinea: in 2016 at Tavurvur, Bagana and Ulawun volcanoes, in 2018 at Tavurvur and Langila volcanoes and in 2019 at Tavurvur and Manam volcanoes, as well as in Mt. Etna in Italy in 2017. This paper describes the drone platform and the multiple payloads, the various measurement strategies and an algorithm to correct for different response times of MultiGAS sensors. Specifically, we emphasize the need for an adaptive flight path, together with live data transmission of a plume tracer (such as SO 2 concentration) to the ground station, to ensure optimal plume interception when operating beyond the visual line of sight. We present results from a comprehensive plume characterization obtained during a field deployment at Manam volcano in May 2019. The Papua New Guinea region, and particularly Manam volcano, has not been extensively studied for volcanic gases due to its remote location, inaccessible summit region and high level of volcanic activity. We demonstrate that the combination of a multi-rotor drone with modular payloads is a versatile solution to obtain the flux and composition of volcanic plumes, even for the case of a highly active volcano with a high-altitude plume such as Manam. Drone-based measurements offer a valuable solution to volcano research and monitoring applications and provide an alternative and complementary method to ground-based and direct sampling of volcanic gases.
机译：多转子无人机已经适用于研究火山气体羽毛。这种适配包括提高的高空和远程，实时SO 2浓度监测，远程手动控制，远程激活袋采样和羽流速度测量能力的能力。无人机能够作为各种仪器配置的稳定平台，包括用于在气体羽流和便携式差分光学中的SO 2，H 2 S和CO 2浓度的原位测量的多组分气体分析系统（MultiGAS）仪器吸收光谱仪（MobiledoAs）用于光谱测量的光谱测量仪器，总为SO 2排放速率，袋中远程控制气体取样和用气体剥落器采样，用于在同位素组成和卤素的地面上进行后分析。我们呈现的平台在巴布亚新几内亚的三个活动期间进行了现场测试：2016年在Tavurvur，Bagana和Ulawun火山，于2018年在Tavurvur和Langila Volcanoes和2019年，在Tavurvur和Manam火山，以及埃克斯山意大利2017年。本文介绍了无人机平台和多重有效载荷，各种测量策略和算法，以纠正MultiGas传感器的不同响应时间。具体地，我们强调了对自适应飞行路径的需求，以及与地面站的羽流示踪剂（例如SO 2浓度）的实时数据传输，以确保在超出视线超出视线时的最佳羽流拦截。我们在2019年5月在Manam火山的现场部署期间获得的综合羽量子表征的结果。巴布亚新几内亚地区和特别是Manam火山，由于其远程位置，难以接近的峰会地区和高位，对火山气体没有广泛研究过火山气体火山活动水平。我们表明，具有模块化有效载荷的多转子无人机的组合是一种多功能的解决方案，以获得火山羽毛的通量和组成，即使对于具有高空羽流的高度活性火山的壳体，如Manam。基于无人机的测量为火山的研究和监测应用提供了有价值的解决方案，并提供了一种替代和互补的火山气体的基础和直接抽样方法。

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