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Does genetic diversity protect host populations from parasites? A meta‐analysis across natural and agricultural systems

机译：遗传多样性是否保护寄生虫的宿主？ 跨天然和农业系统的荟萃分析

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If parasites transmit more readily between closely related hosts, then parasite burdens should decrease with increased genetic diversity of host populations. This important hypothesis is often accepted at face value-notorious epidemics of crop monocultures testify to the vulnerability of host populations that have been purged of diversity. Yet the relationship between genetic diversity and parasitism likely varies across contexts, differing between crop and noncrop hosts and between experimental and natural host populations. Here, we used a meta-analytic approach to ask if host diversity confers protection against parasites over the range of contexts in which it has been tested. We synthesized the results of 102 studies, comprising 2004 effect sizes representing a diversity of approaches and host-parasite systems. Our results validate a protective effect of genetic diversity, while revealing significant variation in its strength across biological and empirical contexts. In experimental host populations, genetic diversity reduces parasitism by ～20% for noncrop hosts and by ～50% for crop hosts. In contrast, observational studies of natural host populations show no consistent relationship between genetic diversity and parasitism, with both strong negative and positive correlations reported. This result supports the idea that, if parasites preferentially attack close relatives, the correlation of genetic diversity with parasitism could be positive or negative depending upon the potential for host populations to evolve in response to parasite selection. Taken together, these results reinforce genetic diversity as a priority for both conservation and agriculture and emphasize the challenges inherent to drawing comparisons between controlled experimental populations and dynamic natural populations.? 2020 The Authors. Evolution Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB).
机译：如果寄生虫在密切相关的宿主之间越来越容易传播，则寄生虫负担应随着宿主群体的遗传多样性而减少。这一重要假设通常是在作物单一文献的面部价值 - 臭名昭着的流行病上被接受，证明了已经清除了多样性的宿主人群的脆弱性。然而，遗传多样性与寄生学之间的关系可能因上下文而异，作物与非卷发宿主之间以及实验和自然宿主人群之间的不同。在这里，我们使用了元分析方法来询问宿主多样性是否赋予寄生虫在其测试的范围内对寄生虫进行保护。我们合成了102项研究的结果，包括2004年效应大小，代表了多样性的方法和寄生虫系统。我们的结果验证了遗传多样性的保护效果，同时在生物学和经验上下文中揭示其实力的显着变化。在实验宿主人群中，遗传多样性降低了寄生率为非涂膜〜20％，作物主持人〜50％。相比之下，天然宿主人群的观察研究显示出遗传多样性和寄生症之间的关系不一致，具有强烈的负面和正相关性。这结果支持了解，如果寄生虫优先攻击近亲，则遗传多样性与寄生派的相关性可能是正面的或阴性，这取决于宿主群以应对寄生虫选择的潜力。总之，这些结果加强了遗传多样性，作为保护和农业的优先事项，并强调绘制受控实验群体与动态自然群体之间的比较所固有的挑战。 2020作者。 Wiley Hearyichs，LLC发布的演变信代表进化（SSE）和欧洲进化生物学学会（ESEB）的研究。

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