首页> 外文期刊>Geoscientific Model Development >WRF-GC (v2.0): online two-way coupling of WRF (v3.9.1.1) and GEOS-Chem (v12.7.2) for modeling regional atmospheric chemistry–meteorology interactions
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WRF-GC (v2.0): online two-way coupling of WRF (v3.9.1.1) and GEOS-Chem (v12.7.2) for modeling regional atmospheric chemistry–meteorology interactions

机译:WRF-GC(v2.0):WRF(V3.9.1.1)和GEOS-CHEM(v12.7.2)的在线双向耦合,用于建模区域大气化学 - 气象学相互作用

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We present the WRF-GC model?v2.0, an online two-way coupling of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model (v3.9.1.1) and the GEOS-Chem model (v12.7.2). WRF-GC?v2.0 is built on the modular framework of WRF-GC?v1.0 and further includes aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) and aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) based on bulk aerosol mass and composition, as well as the capability to nest multiple domains for high-resolution simulations. WRF-GC?v2.0 is the first implementation of the GEOS-Chem model in an open-source dynamic model with chemical feedbacks to meteorology. In WRF-GC, meteorological and chemical calculations are performed on the exact same 3-D grid system; grid-scale advection of meteorological variables and chemical species uses the same transport scheme and time steps to ensure mass conservation. Prescribed size distributions are applied to the aerosol types simulated by GEOS-Chem to diagnose aerosol optical properties and activated cloud droplet numbers; the results are passed to the WRF model for radiative and cloud microphysics calculations. WRF-GC is computationally efficient and scalable to massively parallel architectures. We use WRF-GC?v2.0 to conduct sensitivity simulations with different combinations of ARI and ACI over China during January 2015 and July 2016. Our sensitivity simulations show that including ARI and ACI improves the model's performance in simulating regional meteorology and air quality. WRF-GC generally reproduces the magnitudes and spatial variability of observed aerosol and cloud properties and surface meteorological variables over East Asia during January 2015 and July 2016, although WRF-GC consistently shows a low bias against observed aerosol optical depths over China. WRF-GC simulations including both ARI and ACI reproduce the observed surface concentrations of PM 2.5 in January 2015 (normalized mean bias of ? 9.3?%, spatial correlation r of 0.77) and afternoon ozone in July 2016 (normalized mean bias of 25.6?%, spatial correlation r of 0.56) over eastern China. WRF-GC?v2.0 is open source and freely available from http://wrf.geos-chem.org (last access: 20?June 2021).
机译:我们介绍了WRF-GC型号?V2.0,天气研究和预测(WRF)气象模型(V3.9.1.1)和地球化学模型(v12.7.2)的在线双向耦合。 WRF-GC?V2.0基于WRF-GC的模块化框架构建,进一步包括基于散装气溶胶质量和组成的气溶胶 - 辐射相互作用(ARI)和气溶胶云相互作用(ACI),以及用于高分辨率模拟的多个域的功能。 WRF-GC?V2.0是具有化学反馈到气象的开源动态模型中Geos-Chem模型的第一次实现。在WRF-GC中,在完全相同的3-D网格系统上进行气象和化学计算;气象变量和化学物质的网格规模平流使用相同的运输方案和时间步骤来确保质量保护。规定的尺寸分布应用于Geos-Chem模拟的气溶胶类型,以诊断气溶胶光学性质和活性云液滴数;结果通过了辐射和云微物质计算的WRF模型。 WRF-GC正在计算上高效且可扩展到大规模并行架构。我们使用WRF-GC?v2.0在2015年1月和2016年7月,在中国的不同组合和ARI和ACI的不同组合进行敏感性模拟。我们的敏感性模拟表明,包括ARI和ACI在模拟区域气象和空气质量方面提高了模型的性能。然而,WRF-GC通常在2015年1月和2016年7月期间再现观察到的气溶胶和云属性以及地表气象变量以及2016年7月的表面气象变量,尽管WRF-GC始终如一地显示出对中国的观察到气溶胶光学深度的低偏见。包括ARI和ACI的WRF-GC仿真在2015年1月(归一化的平均值偏差为2016年7月(归一化平均偏差为25.6Ω·6.3Ω)和下午臭氧的预期PM 2.5的观察到的PM 2.5的表面浓度中国东部的空间相关r 0.56)。 WRF-GC?v2.0是开放的来源和自由地从http://wrf.geos-chem.org(上次访问:20?2021年6月)。

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