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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Public Health >Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review
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Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review

机译：空气污染的环境与健康影响：审查

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One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM), particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air pollutants that are harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead to direct poisoning or chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned substances include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The only way to tackle this problem is through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable solutions.
机译：我们的时代最大的祸害之一是空气污染，而且由于其对气候变化的影响，而且由于发病率和死亡率增加，这也是它对公共和个人健康的影响。有许多污染物是人类疾病的主要因素。其中，颗粒物质（PM），可变但非常小的直径，通过吸入渗透呼吸系统，引起呼吸系统和心血管疾病，生殖和中枢神经系统功能障碍和癌症。尽管平流层中的臭氧对紫外线照射起到保护作用，但在地面高浓度下，它也有害，也影响呼吸系统和心血管系统。此外，氧化物，二氧化硫，挥发性有机化合物（VOC），二恶英和多环芳烃（PAH）都认为是对人类有害的空气污染物。当高水平呼吸时，一氧化碳甚至可以引发直接中毒。重质金属如铅，当被吸收到人体时，可以导致直接中毒或慢性中毒，这取决于暴露。从上述物质发生的疾病包括主要呼吸问题，如慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD），哮喘，支气管炎，以及肺癌，心血管事件，中枢神经系统功能障碍和皮肤病。最后但并非最不重要的是，环境污染导致的气候变化会影响许多传染病的地理分布，以及自然灾害。解决这个问题的唯一方法是通过科学专家与多学科方法相结合的公众意识;国家和国际组织必须解决这一威胁的出现，并提出可持续解决方案。

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