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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Central role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa
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Central role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa

机译：大西洋和西非大西洋上部热带对流层臭氧生产中的一氧化氮中的核心作用

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Mechanisms of tropospheric ozone ( O 3 ) formation are generally well understood. However, studies reporting on net ozone production rates (NOPRs) directly derived from in situ observations are challenging and are sparse in number. To analyze the role of nitric oxide (NO) in net ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere above the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa, we present in situ trace gas observations obtained during the CAFE-Africa (Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Africa) campaign in August and September 2018. The vertical profile of in situ measured NO along the flight tracks reveals lowest NO mixing ratios of less than 20?pptv between 2 and 8?km altitude and highest mixing ratios of 0.15–0.2?ppbv above 12?km altitude. Spatial distribution of tropospheric NO above 12?km altitude shows that the sporadically enhanced local mixing ratios ( 0.4 ?ppbv) occur over western Africa, which we attribute to episodic lightning events. Measured O 3 shows little variability in mixing ratios at 60–70?ppbv, with slightly decreasing and increasing tendencies towards the boundary layer and stratosphere, respectively. Concurrent measurements of CO, CH 4 , OH, HO 2 and H 2 O enable calculations of NOPRs along the flight tracks and reveal net ozone destruction at ?0.6 to ?0.2 ? ppbv?h ?1 below 6?km altitude and balance of production and destruction around 7–8?km altitude. We report vertical average NOPRs of 0.2–0.4? ppbv?h ?1 above 12?km altitude with NOPRs occasionally larger than 0.5? ppbv?h ?1 over western Africa coincident with enhanced NO. We compare the observational results to simulated data retrieved from the general circulation model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). Although the comparison of mean vertical profiles of NO and O 3 indicates good agreement, local deviations between measured and modeled NO are substantial. The vertical tendencies in NOPRs calculated from simulated data largely reproduce those from in situ experimental data. However, the simulation results do not agree well with NOPRs over western Africa. Both measurements and simulations indicate that ozone formation in the upper tropical troposphere is NO x limited.
机译：对流层臭氧（O 3）形成的机制通常很好地理解。然而，关于净臭氧生产率（NOOPS）的研究直接来自原位观察的净臭氧生产率（NOOPS）是具有挑战性的并且数量稀疏。分析大西洋和西部非洲上部热带对流层上部热带对流层净臭氧生产中的一氧化氮（NO）的作用，我们以咖啡厅 - 非洲（大气化学）获得原位追踪气体观测（大气层：非洲的田间实验8月和2018年9月的竞选活动。原位测量的垂直轮廓沿着飞行轨道测量否显示出低于20的最低混合比率在2和8μm的2和8 km高度和最高混合比率为0.15-0.2？PPBV km高度。对流层的空间分布没有12？Km高度表明，偶像增强的局部混合比（＆ 0.4？ppbv）出现在西非，我们将其归因于巨大的闪电事件。测量的O 3在60-70〜ppbv的混合比中显示出微小的变化，分别略微降低和朝向边界层和平流层的趋势。 CO，CH 4，OH，HO 2和H 2 O的并发测量能够沿着飞行轨道计算NOPRS，并揭示净臭氧损坏在0.6到0.2？ PPBV？H？1低于6？KM海拔高度和生产和破坏的平衡约7-8 km高度。我们报告0.2-0.4的垂直平均无小猩猩？ ppbv？h？h？1以上12 km高度偶尔大于0.5？ PPBV？H？1在西非与增强型不一致。我们将观察结果与从一般循环模型回波/凌乱大气化学（EMAC）检索的模拟数据进行比较。尽管NO和O 3的平均垂直轮廓的比较表明良好的一致性，但测量和模型之间的局部偏差是大量的。从模拟数据计算的NOPRS中的垂直倾向在很大程度上再现原位实验数据的那些。但是，模拟结果与西非的NOPRS不吻合。测量和模拟都表明上层热带对流层中的臭氧形成是没有X限量的。

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