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Harnessing stratospheric diffusion barriers for enhanced climate geoengineering

机译：利用平流层扩散屏障，增强气候地理工程

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Stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering is a proposed method to temporarily intervene in the climate system to increase the reflectance of shortwave radiation and reduce mean global temperature. In previous climate modeling studies, choosing injection locations for geoengineering aerosols has, thus far, only utilized the average dynamics of stratospheric wind fields instead of accounting for the essential role of time-varying material transport barriers in turbulent atmospheric flows. Here we conduct the first analysis of sulfate aerosol dispersion in the stratosphere, comparing what is now a standard fixed-injection scheme with time-varying injection locations that harness short-term stratospheric diffusion barriers. We show how diffusive transport barriers can quickly be identified, and we provide an automated injection location selection algorithm using short forecast and reanalysis data. Within the first 7?d days of transport, the dynamics-based approach is able to produce particle distributions with greater global coverage than fixed-site methods with fewer injections. Additionally, this enhanced dispersion slows aerosol microphysical growth and can reduce the effective radii of aerosols up to 200–300?d after injection. While the long-term dynamics of aerosol dispersion are accurately predicted with transport barriers calculated from short forecasts, the long-term influence on radiative forcing is more difficult to predict and warrants deeper investigation. Statistically significant changes in radiative forcing at timescales beyond the forecasting window showed mixed results, potentially increasing or decreasing forcing after 1?year when compared to fixed injections. We conclude that future feasibility studies of geoengineering should consider the cooling benefits possible by strategically injecting sulfate aerosols at optimized time-varying locations. Our method of utilizing time-varying attracting and repelling structures shows great promise for identifying optimal dispersion locations, and radiative forcing impacts can be improved by considering additional meteorological variables.
机译：平地硫酸盐气溶胶地貌是一种临时干预气候系统中的方法，以增加短波辐射的反射，并减少平均全球温度。因此，在以前的气候建模研究中，选择用于地磁环境气溶胶的注射位置，仅利用了平流层风场的平均动态而不是占湍流大气流动中时变材料传输屏障的基本作用。在这里，我们开展了平流层中硫酸盐气溶胶分散体的第一次分析，比较了现在标准的固定注射方案，其具有时间变化的注射位置，该喷射位置线束短期平流层扩散屏障。我们展示了如何快速识别扩散障碍，并且我们提供了一种使用短预测和再分析数据的自动喷射位置选择算法。在运输的前7天内，基于动态的方法能够产生比具有较少注射的固定网站方法更大的全球覆盖的粒子分布。另外，这种增强的分散体减缓了气溶胶微生物生长，并可以减少注射后高达200-300〜200-300〜5的有效半径。虽然气溶胶分散的长期动态被简短预测计算的运输障碍准确预测，但对辐射强制的长期影响更难以预测，并认证更深入的调查。在预测窗口超出预测窗口超出超出预测窗口的辐射强迫的统计显着变化显示，与固定注射相比，在1年后潜在地增加或减少强制。我们得出结论，通过在优化的时变地区进行策略性地注入硫酸盐气溶胶，对GeoEngineering的未来可行性研究应考虑可能的冷却效益。我们利用时变吸引和排斥结构的方法表现出识别最佳色散位置的巨大希望，并且通过考虑额外的气象变量，可以提高辐射迫使撞击。

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