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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Effects of Trunk Motion, Touch, and Articulation on Upper-Limb Velocities and on Joint Contribution to Endpoint Velocities During the Production of Loud Piano Tones
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Effects of Trunk Motion, Touch, and Articulation on Upper-Limb Velocities and on Joint Contribution to Endpoint Velocities During the Production of Loud Piano Tones

机译：躯干运动，触摸和铰接对大肢速度的影响以及大声钢琴色调生产中对端点速度的联合贡献

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Piano performance involves several levels of motor abundancy. Identification of kinematic strategies that enhance performance and reduce risks of practice-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) represents an important research topic since more than half of professional pianists might suffer from PRMD during their career. Studies in biomechanics have highlighted the benefits of using proximal upper-limb joints to reduce the load on distal segments by effectively creating velocity and force at the finger–key interaction. If scientific research has documented postural and expressive features of pianists’ trunk motion, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence assessing the role of trunk motion in sound production and in injury prevention. We address this gap by integrating motion of the pelvis and thorax in the analysis of both upper-limb linear velocities and joint angular contribution to endpoint velocities. Specifically, this study aims to assess kinematic features of different types of touch and articulation and the impact of trunk motion on these features. Twelve pianists performed repetitive loud and slow-paced keystrokes. They were asked to vary (i) body implication (use of trunk and upper-limb motion or use of only upper-limb motion), (ii) touch (struck touch, initiating the attack with the fingertip at a certain distance from the key surface, or pressed touch, initiating the attack with the fingertip in contact with the key surface), and (iii) articulation ( staccato , short finger–key contact time, or tenuto , sustained finger–key contact time). Data were collected using a 3D motion capture system and a sound recording device. Results show that body implication, touch, and articulation modified kinematic features of loud keystrokes, which exhibited not only downward but also important forward segmental velocities (particularly in pressed touch and staccato articulation). Pelvic anterior rotation had a prominent role in the production of loud tones as it effectively contributed to creating forward linear velocities at the upper limb. The reported findings have implications for the performance, teaching, and research domains since they provide evidence of how pianists’ trunk motion can actively contribute to the sound production and might not only be associated with either postural or expressive features.
机译：钢琴性能涉及几个级别的电机丰富。鉴定增强绩效和降低实践相关的肌肉骨骼障碍的风险（PRMD）的运动策略代表了一个重要的研究课题，因为超过一半的专业钢琴家在其职业生涯中可能会受到普遍的侵害。生物力学的研究突出了使用近端肢体接头的益处，通过有效地在手指关键相互作用处产生速度和力来减少远端区段的负荷。如果科学研究已经记录了钢琴家躯干运动的姿势和表达特征，目前还有缺乏科学证据，评估后备箱运动在健康生产和预防伤害中的作用。我们通过在分析上肢线性速度和关节角度速度的分析中，通过将骨盆和胸部的运动相加来解决这种差距。具体而言，本研究旨在评估不同类型的触摸和关节的运动特征以及躯干运动对这些特征的影响。十二钢琴家们进行了重复的大声和缓慢击守的击键。被要求改变（i）身体的含义（使用树干和上肢运动或仅使用上肢运动），（ii）触摸（触摸触摸，从钥匙一定距离发起指尖的攻击表面或压制触摸，用触摸穴与关键表面接触的攻击），（iii）铰接（硬盘，短指关键接触时间，或邻托，持续的手指关键接触时间）。使用3D运动捕获系统和声音记录设备收集数据。结果表明，身体的含义，触摸和铰接修改了大声击键的运动特征，这不仅向下而且也是重要的前瞻性节段速度（特别是在压制触摸和停滞铰接中）。骨盆前旋转在响亮的色调中具有突出的作用，因为它有效地促进了上肢在上肢产生前线速度。报告的调查结果对绩效，教学和研究领域有影响，因为他们提供了钢琴家的行李箱动作如何积极地促进声音生产的证据，并且可能不仅与姿势或表现力的特征有关。

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