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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Development of a Salutogenesis Workshop for SPPs to Help Them, Their Athletes, and the Athlete’s Entourage Better Cope With Uncertainty During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Development of a Salutogenesis Workshop for SPPs to Help Them, Their Athletes, and the Athlete’s Entourage Better Cope With Uncertainty During the COVID-19 Pandemic

机译：开发应用程序的唾液化研讨会，以帮助他们，运动员和运动员的随行人员在Covid-19大流行期间更好地应对不确定性

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The COVID-19 pandemic is also called a crisis of uncertainty because of so many unforeseeable events like canceled qualification competitions, loss of training facilities, and postponement of the Olympic games. Athletes and their entourage experience this uncertainty as stressful. Sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) are in a key position to support athletes in coping with these unforeseeable stressors. However, SPPs are similarly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and simultaneously have to cope with stress. Salutogenesis, which describes how to manage stress and to stay well, provides a theoretical approach to how to cope with uncertainty. The salutogenetic approach aims at strengthening individuals’ sense of coherence (SoC) and consists of three components, namely comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Although it is known that the SoC can be enhanced via psychological skills training, so far, this approach has not been systematically applied to the elite sport context. Athletes have been advised to see SPPs for help; thus, the question of how SPPs handle the time of uncertainty while supporting others emerges. The aim of this contribution was to outline how the salutogenetic approach can be applied to strengthening SPPs’ SoC via a single-day four-part workshop. Additionally, we applied the workshop to N = 26 volleyball coaches and evaluated the workshop’s effects on participants’ psychological aspects [i.e., the Sense of Coherence—Leipziger short version (SoC-L9), resilience (RS-13): coping with uncertainty, affective response, and stress via semantic differentials] and the workshop’s quality ratings (i.e., Quality Questionnaire for Sport Psychological Coaching, QS-17). The evaluation provides results that show a positive impact on a descriptive level of the participants’ SoC, uncertainty, affect, and stress perception; however, the results show no significant main effect of time [ F (8, 10) = 1.04, p = 0.467, η p 2 = 0.454]. Workshop quality (on average, 3.60 ± 0.35 out of 4.00) and skill acquisition (on average, 3.00 ± 0.64 out of 4.00) were positively evaluated; 82.00% of the participants would use the learned tools in the future. Thus, we outline how this workshop might help strengthen SPPs’ SoC and at the same time empower them to strengthen their athletes’ SoC. Overall, we add a theoretical (i.e., salutogenesis in sports) and a practical perspective (i.e., coping techniques based on salutogenesis) on how to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic for SPPS, athletes, and their support network.
机译：Covid-19大流行也被称为不确定性的危机，因为许多不可预见的活动，如取消的资格竞争，培训丧失和推迟奥运会。运动员和他们的随行人员经历这种不确定性的压力。体育心理学从业者（SPP）是一个关键位置，支持应对这些不可预见的压力源的运动员。然而，SPPS同样受Covid-19流行影响的影响，同时必须应对压力。唾液生成，描述了如何管理压力和保持良好，提供了如何应对不确定性的理论方法。唾液生成方法旨在加强个人的一致性（SOC），包括三个组成部分，即可理解性，可管理性和有意义。虽然已知通过心理技能培训可以增强SOC，但到目前为止，这种方法还没有系统地应用于精英运动背景。建议竞技人员寻求帮助;因此，SPPS如何处理不确定性的时间，同时支持其他人出现。这一贡献的目的是概述唾液生方法如何通过单日四部分研讨会来加强SPPS的SoC。此外，我们将研讨会应用于N = 26排球教练，并评估了研讨会对参与者的心理方面的影响[即Cherence-Leipziger短版（SOC-L9），弹性（RS-13）：应对不确定性，情感反应，通过语义差异的压力，以及研讨会的质量评级（即运动心理教练的质量问卷，QS-17）。评估提供了对参与者SoC，不确定性，影响和应激感知的描述性水平的积极影响;然而，结果显示出时间没有显着的主要影响[F（8,10）= 1.04，p = 0.467，ηp2= 0.454]。研讨会质量（平均，3.60±0.35）和技能获取（平均而言，4.00×0.64次）被肯定地评估; 82.00％的参与者将来会使用学习工具。因此，我们概述了这次研讨会如何帮助加强SPPS的SoC，同时赋予他们加强运动员的SoC。总体而言，我们在体育中添加了理论（即唾液生成）和基于SPP，运动员及其支持网络的Covid-19大流行的实际观点（即，基于唾液生成的应对技术）。

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