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Electrodeposited Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocoatings: Recent Progress and Future Challenges

机译：基于电沉积的羟基磷灰石的生物纺饰：最近的进展和未来的挑战

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摘要

Hydroxyapatite has become an important coating material for bioimplants, following the introduction of synthetic HAp in the 1950s. The HAp coatings require controlled surface roughness/porosity, adequate corrosion resistance and need to show favorable tribological behavior. The deposition rate must be sufficiently fast and the coating technique needs to be applied at different scales on substrates having a diverse structure, composition, size, and shape. A detailed overview of dry and wet coating methods is given. The benefits of electrodeposition include controlled thickness and morphology, ability to coat a wide range of component size/shape and ease of industrial processing. Pulsed current and potential techniques have provided denser and more uniform coatings on different metallic materials/implants. The mechanism of HAp electrodeposition is considered and the effect of operational variables on deposit properties is highlighted. The most recent progress in the field is critically reviewed. Developments in mineral substituted and included particle, composite HAp coatings, including those reinforced by metallic, ceramic and polymeric particles; carbon nanotubes, modified graphenes, chitosan, and heparin, are considered in detail. Technical challenges which deserve further research are identified and a forward look in the field of the electrodeposited HAp coatings is taken.
机译：在20世纪50年代的合成HAP引入后，羟基磷灰石已成为生物蛋白的重要涂层材料。 HAP涂层需要受控表面粗糙度/孔隙度，充分的耐腐蚀性，并且需要表现出有利的摩擦学行为。沉积速率必须充分快速，并且需要在具有不同结构，组成，尺寸和形状的基板上的不同刻度上施加涂层技术。给出了干燥和湿涂层方法的详细概述。电沉积的益处包括受控厚度和形态，能够涂覆各种部件尺寸/形状和易于工业加工的能力。脉冲电流和潜在技术在不同的金属材料/植入物上提供了更密集和更均匀的涂层。考虑了HAP电沉积的机制，突出了操作变量对沉积性能的影响。该领域的最新进展是批评性的审查。矿物取代和包括颗粒，复合Hap涂层的显影，包括由金属，陶瓷和聚合物颗粒加固的那些;详细考虑碳纳米管，改性石墨烯，壳聚糖和肝素。鉴定了应得进一步研究的技术挑战，并采取了电沉积HAP涂层领域的前瞻。

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