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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology >The Role of Exosomes and Exosomal MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Disease
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The Role of Exosomes and Exosomal MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Disease

机译:外泌体和外泌体microRNA在心血管疾病中的作用

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Exosomes are small vesicles (30–150 nm in diameter) enclosed by a lipid membrane bilayer, secreted by most cells in the body. They carry various molecules, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, and other RNA species, such as long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, and microRNA (miRNA). MiRNAs are the most numerous cargo molecules in the exosome. They are endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, approximately 19–22-nt-long, and important regulators of protein biosynthesis. Exosomes can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells, where they play a role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNA. Exosomal miRNAs have diverse functions, such as participation in inflammatory reactions, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs play an important role in cardiovascular health. Exosomal miRNAs are widely involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, and pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we present a systematic overview of the research progress into the role of exosomal miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and present new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
机译:外泌体是由脂质膜双层包围的小囊泡(直径为30-150nm),由身体中大多数细胞分泌。它们携带各种分子,包括蛋白质,脂质,mRNA和其他RNA物种,例如长的非编码RNA,圆形RNA和microRNA(miRNA)。 miRNA是外渗人物中最多的货物分子。它们是内源性非编码RNA分子,大约19-22-NT长,蛋白质生物合成的重要调节剂。外泌体可以通过相邻或远处细胞占据,其中它们通过靶向mRNA在基因表达的转录后调节中发挥作用。外泌体miRNA具有不同的功能,例如参与炎症反应,细胞迁移,增殖,凋亡,自噬和上皮间充质转换。越来越多的证据表明外泌体miRNA在心血管健康中发挥着重要作用。外泌体miRNA广泛参与心血管疾病的发生和发展,如动脉粥样硬化,急性冠状动脉综合征,心力衰竭,心肌缺血再灌注损伤和肺动脉高压。在本综述中,我们概述了研究进展的研究进展,进入外泌体miRNA在心血管疾病中的作用,并提出了新的诊断和治疗心血管疾病的新思路。

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