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Combining cross-section images and modeling tools to create high-resolution root system hydraulic atlases in Zea mays

机译：结合横截面图像和建模工具在Zea Mays中创建高分辨率根系系统液压壳种

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Root hydraulic properties play a central role in the global water cycle, in agricultural systems productivity, and in ecosystem survival as they impact the canopy water supply. However, the existing experimental methods to quantify root hydraulic conductivities, such as the root pressure probing, are particularly challenging, and their applicability to thin roots and small root segments is limited. Therefore, there is a gap in methods enabling easy estimations of root hydraulic conductivities in diverse root types. Here, we present a new pipeline to quickly estimate root hydraulic conductivities across different root types, at high resolution along root axes. Shortly, free-hand root cross-sections were used to extract a selected number of key anatomical traits. We used these traits to parametrize the Generator of Root Anatomy in R (GRANAR) model to simulate root anatomical networks. Finally, we used these generated anatomical networks within the Model of Explicit Cross-section Hydraulic Anatomy (MECHA) to compute an estimation of the root axial and radial hydraulic conductivities ( k x and k r , respectively). Using this combination of anatomical data and computational models, we were able to create a root hydraulic conductivity atlas at the root system level, for 14-day-old pot-grown Zea mays (maize) plants of the var. B73 . The altas highlights the significant functional variations along and between different root types. For instance, predicted variations of radial conductivity along the root axis were strongly dependent on the maturation stage of hydrophobic barriers. The same was also true for the maturation rates of the metaxylem vessels. Differences in anatomical traits along and across root types generated substantial variations in radial and axial conductivities estimated with our novel approach. Our methodological pipeline combines anatomical data and computational models to turn root cross-section images into a detailed hydraulic atlas. It is an inexpensive, fast, and easily applicable investigation tool for root hydraulics that complements existing complex experimental methods. It opens the way to high-throughput studies on the functional importance of root types in plant hydraulics, especially if combined with novel phenotyping techniques such as laser ablation tomography.
机译：根液压特性在全球水循环中发挥着核心作用，农业系统生产力，以及在生态系统生存中，因为它们影响了树冠供水。然而，用于量化根液压导体的现有实验方法，例如根压探测，特别具有挑战性，并且它们对薄根和小根段的适用性受到限制。因此，在方法中存在差距，使得能够在不同根类型中容易地估计根液压导电性。这里，我们提出了一种新的管道，以在沿根轴的高分辨率下快速估计不同根类型的根液压导电性。很快，使用释放根横截面来提取所选数量的关键解剖性状性状。我们将这些特征用于参加R（格兰纳群）模型中的根解剖结构的发电机，以模拟根解剖网络。最后，我们在显式横截面液压解剖学（机械）模型中使用了这些产生的解剖网络，以计算根轴向和径向液压导电的估计（分别分别k x和k r）。使用解剖数据和计算模型的这种组合，我们能够在根系系统中创建根液态电导率地图集，对于var的14天龄盆栽Zea（玉米）植物。 B73。 Altas突出显示不同根类型之间的显着功能变化。例如，沿着根轴的径向电导率的预测变化强烈地取决于疏水性屏障的成熟阶段。对于成熟血管的成熟速率也是如此。通过我们的新方法估计的径向和轴向导电性的根本和跨根类型的解剖性状特征的差异。我们的方法管线将解剖数据和计算模型结合在一起将根横截面图像变为详细的液压图案。它是一种廉价，快速，易于适用的调查工具，用于根液压，这些液压可以补充现有的复杂实验方法。它为植物液压系统中根类型的功能重要性开辟了高通量研究的方式，特别是如果结合具有激光烧蚀断层扫描的新型表型技术。

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