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The development of attentional control mechanisms in multisensory environments

机译：多思干环境中的注意力控制机制的发展

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Outside the laboratory, people need to pay attention to relevant objects that are typically multisensory, but it remains poorly understood how the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms develop. We investigated when adult-like mechanisms controlling one’s attentional selection of visual and multisensory objects emerge across childhood. Five-, 7-, and 9-year-olds were compared with adults in their performance on a computer game-like multisensory spatial cueing task, while 129-channel EEG was simultaneously recorded. Markers of attentional control were behavioural spatial cueing effects and the N2pc ERP component (analysed traditionally and using a multivariate electrical neuroimaging framework). In behaviour, adult-like visual attentional control was present from age 7 onwards, whereas multisensory control was absent in all children groups. In EEG, multivariate analyses of the activity over the N2pc time-window revealed stable brain activity patterns in children. Adult-like visual-attentional control EEG patterns were present age 7 onwards, while multisensory control activity patterns were found in 9-year-olds (albeit behavioural measures showed no effects). By combining rigorous yet naturalistic paradigms with multivariate signal analyses, we demonstrated that visual attentional control seems to reach an adult-like state at ～7 years, before adult-like multisensory control, emerging at ～9 years. These results enrich our understanding of how attention in naturalistic settings develops.
机译：在实验室之外，人们需要注意通常是多症的相关对象，但它仍然明确地理解潜在的神经认知机制如何发展。当童年时，我们调查了控制一个人注意到的视觉和多群体物体的注意力选择。将五个，7-和9岁的人与成年人进行比较，他们在类似于计算机游戏的多师空间的空间提示任务中，同时记录129频道脑电图。注意力控制标记是行为空间提示效应和N2PC ERP组分（传统上分析并使用多变量电神经影像骨架）。在行为中，成人的视觉注意力控制从7岁开始存在，而在所有儿童组中缺乏多疑问。在EEG中，N2PC时间窗口活动的多变量分析显示儿童稳定的脑活动模式。成人样的视觉注意力控制EEG模式在7岁时出现年龄为7岁，而在9岁儿童中发现多思症控制活动模式（尽管行为措施没有影响）。通过将严谨性的自然主义范例与多变量信号分析相结合，我们证明了在成人的多思奇控制之前，视觉注意力控制似乎在〜7年内达到成人样状态，在〜9年的情况下出现。这些结果丰富了了解自然环境中如何关注的了解。

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