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Water evaporation model of a catalyst converter in the context of hybrid electric vehicles energy and pollutants management

机译：混合动力电动汽车能量与污染物管理中催化剂转换器的水蒸发模型

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The energy and pollutants management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) consists in determining at each instant the optimal torque split between the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the Electric Motor (EM). This torque choice aims to minimize both fuel consumption and pollutants emissions. A critical piece of information in this context is the value of the Three-Way Catalyst Converter (3WCC) conversion efficiency. This value is highly dependent on the 3WCC temperature; it is hence of major importance to have an accurate estimation of it. Although the literature is abundant about simple 0D thermal models of 3WCC, it is tempting to implement a more accurate and consequently complex model. In particular, both moisture from the exhaust gases during engine start and from ambient air during cooling phases lead to the formation of a liquid water film on the monolith’s exchange surface, causing a strong temperature plateau during the warm-up phase. The water evaporation causing a delay in the 3WCC temperature increase, it could lead to a serious degradation of the pollutants emissions if not taken into account. This paper proposes hence a 1D thermal model including water phase changing that allows a 72% decrease in the 3WCC temperature estimation error during the warm up phase. This accuracy gain, occurring in a phase where the converter temperature has not reached its full efficiency, provides a 1-2% reduction in CO, HC and NOxemissions.
机译：混合动力电动车辆（HEV）的能量和污染物管理包括在每个瞬间确定内燃机（ICE）和电动机（EM）之间的最佳扭矩。这种扭矩选择旨在尽量减少燃料消耗和污染物排放。在这种情况下，一条关键的信息是三元催化剂转换器（3WCC）转换效率的值。该值高度依赖于3WCC温度;因此，对其进行准确估计，因此主要重要。虽然文献对3WCC的简单0D热模型很丰富，但它很诱人地实现更准确，并因此复杂的模型。特别地，在发动机开始和从环境空气期间，在冷却阶段期间的环境空气的水分导致液体水膜的形成在整料的交换表面上，在预热阶段期间引起强烈的温度平台。水蒸发导致3WCC温度的延迟，如果没有考虑，可能导致污染物排放的严重降解。本文提出了一种包括水相变化的1D热模型，其允许在预热阶段期间的3WCC温度估计误差减少72％。这种精度增益，在转换器温度达到其全部效率的阶段发生，可在CO，HC和Noxemiss中减少1-2％。

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