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Nitrogen Dynamics in Wetland Systems and Its Impact on Biodiversity

机译：湿地系统中的氮动力学及其对生物多样性的影响

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Wetlands are viable sinks for nitrate and have also been identified as a source of nitrous oxide, a product of two microbially regulated processes: nitrification and denitrification. Anthropogenic expansion of nitrogen is a leading cause of the eutrophication of water bodies and may also contribute to the deterioration of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Wetlands ameliorate the quality of water percolating through them, by retaining nutrients and sequestering carbon, and simultaneously enhancing the flora and fauna diversity of these landscapes. Among the many services these wetlands provide, they also alleviate nitrate pollution by attenuating reactive nitrogen from agricultural drainage and ensure the effective reclamation of the wastewater. The literature regarding the viability of wetlands suggests a linear relationship between the removal of nitrogen and its loading rate, thereby suggesting a potential loss of nitrogen removal capacity due to the loss of wetland area. This review discusses the nitrogen removal mechanisms in existing wetlands along with the environmental variables affecting the optimum performance and management of these wetlands, in terms of greenhouse gas retention and biodiversity. Conservation of these wetlands should be contemplated to maintain the world-wide nitrogen cycle and diminish the negative repercussions of surplus nitrogen loading.
机译：湿地是用于硝酸盐的可行水槽，也已被鉴定为氧化亚氮的源，其两种微生物调节方法的产物：硝化和反硝化。氮的人为膨胀是水体富营养化的主要原因，也可能有助于平流层中臭氧层的劣化。湿地通过保留营养和螯合碳，并同时增强这些景观的植物和动物群多样性，改善了通过它们的水的质量。在这些湿地提供的许多服务中，它们还通过减轻农业引流的反应氮来缓解硝酸盐污染，并确保废水的有效填写。关于湿地的活力的文献表明，除氮和其加载速率之间的线性关系表明，由于湿地区域的损失，施加氮去除能力的潜在损失。本综述讨论了现有湿地中的氮气去除机制以及影响这些湿地的最佳性能和管理的环境变量，在温室气体保留和生物多样性方面。应考虑保护这些湿地的保护以维持全球氮循环，并减少过剩氮负载的负面影响。

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