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An Evaluation of Massive Land Interventions for the Relocation of Capital Cities

机译：对资本城市搬迁的大规模土地干预措施评估

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Across the world, capital cities are being relocated. Such practices have existed almost as long as capitals themselves. Against the background of the relocation of Indonesia’s seat of government from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, it is clear that such processes will continue to take place in the future. Especially if one considers the reasons for the move: climate change is leading to an increasing inhabitability of the Indonesian capital. Therefore, it is important to understand the processes behind such megaprojects and their impacts on the surroundings in order to build new capitals sustainably. Hence, this paper deals with examples from the past seven decades and examines them from different perspectives, such as the underlying politics and economy, planning approaches, reasons for relocation, as well as cultural and ecological backgrounds. With an analytical methodology based on eight aspects of responsible land management interventions (the 8R-framework), it is possible to assess the degree to which these moves are responsible. Combined with a literature review of past documented evidence, we derived 8R-matrices, inferred recurring issues and constructed a database containing multiple aspects of capital relocations. This database allowed simple SQL-coding, which enabled describing commonalities among the different land interventions for the capital relocations. These results help to connect occurring sets of problems to particular political, economic and planning backgrounds and to identify different frameworks within which most new capitals are situated. These new insights make future capital relocations better manageable and can support the process of capital relocation in Indonesia.
机译：全世界，都搬迁。这些实践几乎存在于首都本身。在从雅加达向东卡马丹雅加达搬迁的印度尼西亚政府席位的背景下，很明显，这些过程将继续发生。特别是如果考虑到举措的原因：气候变化导致印度尼西亚资本的居住不居间。因此，了解此类兆画幕背后的流程及其对周围环境的影响是非常重要的，以便可持续地建造新的首都。因此，本文处理了过去七十年的例子，并从不同的角度审视它们，例如潜在的政治和经济，规划方法，搬迁的原因以及文化和生态背景。通过基于负责土地管理干预措施（8R框架）的八个方面的分析方法，可以评估这些举措负责的程度。结合对过去记录证据的文献综述，我们推出了8R矩阵，推断了经常性问题并构建了包含资本重新定位多个方面的数据库。此数据库允许简单的SQL编码，该编码使能描述于资本重新定位的不同土地干预措施之间的共性。这些结果有助于将发生的特定政治，经济和规划背景连接出现问题，并确定大多数新资本所在的不同框架。这些新的见解使未来的资本重新定位更好可管理，并可以支持印度尼西亚的资本搬迁过程。

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