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Energetics of Urban Canopies: A Meteorological Perspective

机译：城市Canopies的能量学：气象观点

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The urban climatology consists not only of the urban canopy temperature but also of wind regime and boundary layer evolution among other secondary variables. The energetic input and response of urbanized areas is rather different to rural or forest areas. In this paper, we outline the physical characteristics of the urban canopy that make its energy balance depart from that of vegetated areas and change local climatology. Among the several canopy characteristics, we focus on the aspect ratio h/d and its effects. The literature and methods of retrieving meteorological quantities in urban areas are reviewed and a number of physical analyzes from conceptual or numerical models are presented. In particular, the existence of a maximum value for the urban heat island intensity is discussed comprehensively. Changes in the local flow and boundary layer evolution due to urbanization are also discussed. The presence of vegetation and water bodies in urban areas are reviewed. The main conclusions are as follows: for increasing h/d, the urban heat island intensity is likely to attain a peak around h/d≈4 and decrease for h/d4; the temperature at the pedestrian level follows similar behavior; the urban boundary layer grows slowly, which in combination with low wind, can worsen pollution dispersion.
机译：城市气候学不仅包括城市冠层温度，而且在其他次要变量中不仅包括风调节，还包括风力制度和边界层演变。城市化地区的能量输入和反应与农村或森林地区相当不同。在本文中，我们概述了城市树冠的物理特征，使其能量平衡从植物区脱离，改变当地气候学。在若干顶篷特征中，我们专注于H / D的纵横比及其效果。检讨中检索城市地区气象量的文献和方法，并提出了许多来自概念或数值模型的物理分析。特别地，全面讨论了城市热岛强度的最大值的存在。还讨论了由于城市化导致的局部流量和边界层演化的变化。综述了城市地区植被和水体的存在。主要结论如下：对于增加H / D，城市热岛强度可能达到H /d≈4周围的峰值，并且H / D＆GT; 4;行人水平的温度遵循类似的行为;城市边界层缓慢增长，与低风相结合，可以恶化污染分散。

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