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Archetypes of famine and response

机译：饥荒的原型和应对

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Famines have long been characterised by rapidly shifting dynamics: sudden price spirals, sharp increases in mortality, the media frenzy that often accompanies such spikes, the swift scaling up of aid flows, and a subsequent decline in interest. In arguing that these aspects of famine have been largely ignored in recent years due to attention to the ‘famine process’, this paper attempts to make these dynamics more explicit by applying systems thinking. It uses standard archetypes of systems thinking to explain six situations—watch, price spiral, aid magnet, media frenzy, overshoot, and peaks—that are present in many famine contexts. It illustrates their application with examples from crises in Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, and Sudan. The paper contends that the systems approach offers a tool for analysing the larger patterns in famines and for pinpointing the most appropriate responses to them, based on an awareness of the dynamics of the crises.
机译：长期以来，饥荒一直以迅速变化的特征为特征：突然的价格螺旋式上升，死亡率的急剧上升，经常伴随着这种飙升的媒体狂热，迅速增加的援助流量以及随后的利息下降。近年来，由于对“饥荒过程”的关注，饥荒的这些方面已被很大程度上忽略了，本文试图通过运用系统思考来使这些动态更加明确。它使用系统思维的标准原型来解释在许多饥荒环境中出现的六种情况-观察，价格螺旋，辅助磁铁，媒体狂潮，超调和高峰。它以埃塞俄比亚，马拉维，尼日尔和苏丹的危机为例说明了它们的应用。该论文认为，基于对危机动态的认识，系统方法提供了一种工具，用于分析饥荒中的较大模式并指出最适当的对策。

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