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The gift of disaster: the commodification of good intentions in post-tsunami Sri Lanka

机译：灾难的礼物：斯里兰卡海啸后善意的商品化

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摘要

This paper analyses the commodification of post-tsunami aid in Sri Lanka, a process that ‘contaminated’ the ‘purity’ of good intentions with the politics of patronage and international aid. It argues that gifts are not just material transfers of ‘aid’, but also embodiments of cultural symbolism, social power, and political affiliations. The tsunami gift re-enforced and reconfigured exchange relationships among different patrons and clients in Sri Lankan communities, perpetuating the political economy that has driven social conflict and discontent in the post-independence years. Beyond dominant rationales of ethnic or political party patronage, the paper finds that gifts by disingenuous patrons not only became patrimonial, but that the patrimonial rationale emerged as much from above as from below—a dynamic that became nearly inescapable and self-reinforcing. Through three case studies, we explore the intricate chain of relations, obligations, and expectations pertinent in the co-evolving, but often contradictory, gift rationales that permeate the practices, performances, and discourses of tsunami aid.
机译：本文分析了斯里兰卡海啸后援助的商品化过程，这一过程将“善意”的“纯度”“污染”了惠顾和国际援助的政治。它认为，礼物不仅是“援助”的实质性转移，而且是文化象征，社会力量和政治联系的体现。海啸礼物增强了斯里兰卡社区不同顾客和客户之间的交流关系，并重新构架了这种关系，使政治经济在独立后的岁月中一直引起社会冲突和不满。除了种族或政党庇护的主要理由外，该论文还发现，不光彩的顾客的礼物不仅变成了世袭制，而且世袭的理由也从上而下出现了，这种动态几乎不可避免并且自我强化。通过三个案例研究，我们探索了海啸援助的实践，绩效和论述中不断演变的，但往往是相互矛盾的，与礼物有关的关系中错综复杂的关系，义务和期望链。

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