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SLICED LEAVES AT WORK

机译：切片的叶子在工作

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摘要

Remarkable in theirability to absorb carbon dioxide and convert sunlight to fuel, leaves are nature's powerhouses. But in the era of global warming, leaves may display an unexpected dark side. As CO_2 concentrations rise, plants can become full. As a result, their stomata -the tiny holes that collect the CO.,, shown here in this electron micrograph of the underside of a sunflower leaf-will squeeze shut. When the stomata close, plants not only take less CO_2 from the air but also draw less water from the ground, resulting in a run of water into rivers. The stomata effect has been responsible for the 3 percent increase in river runoff seen over the past century. When closing stomata are factored into climate models along with global warming, says the U.K.'s Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, runoff within the next 100 years could increase by as much as 24 percent above preindustrial levels. In regions where climate change would otherwise bring drought, extra water could be a boon. But in regions already hit hard by flooding, the stomata effect could make matters much worse.
机译：树叶具有吸收二氧化碳并将阳光转化为燃料的能力，是自然的动力源。但是在全球变暖的时代，树叶可能会显示出意想不到的黑暗面。随着CO_2浓度的升高，植物可能变得饱满。结果，它们的气孔-收集了CO。的小孔，在向日葵叶下面的电子显微镜图中显示，将被压缩。当气孔关闭时，植物不仅从空气中吸收较少的CO_2，而且从地面吸收的水也较少，从而导致大量水流入河流。气孔效应是导致上个世纪河流径流量增加3％的原因。英国哈德利气候预测与研究中心说，当关闭的气孔与全球变暖一起纳入气候模型时，未来100年的径流可能会比工业化前的水平增加多达24％。在气候变化原本会带来干旱的地区，多余的水可能会带来好处。但是在已经遭受洪灾严重打击的地区，气孔效应会使情况变得更糟。

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