• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Discover >Rainbows
【24h】

Rainbows

机译：彩虹

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

1 Why are there so many songs about rainbows? It could be because the meteorological phenomena, beautiful yet ephemeral, inspire our inner romantics. Or maybe it's because no one sees the same rainbow. 2 Imagine a line from the sun, which will be somewhere behind you, through the back of your head and out your eyes, ending at the shadow of your head on the ground. Any rainbow you see will be centered around that axis. 3 Someone standing beside you may also see a rainbow, but it will be around an axis running from the sun to their head shadow. 4 Rainbows occur when sunlight - including all wavelengths of visible light, which together appear as white light - pinballs in and out of water droplets (usually rain, but sometimes water spray, or the droplets that form mist or fog). 5 Some of the light is reflected off the drop's outer surface, but the rest of it enters the droplet, skidding as it does so. 6 This skid, or refraction, occurs because water is denser than air. As the light enters the droplet, it slows and changes direction. (Think of what would happen if you were speeding along the freeway, and the asphalt suddenly turned to mud.) 7 Once inside the droplet, the light reflects off the back inner surface, then refracts a second time, bending as it travels out of the water and back into the air. 8 Because the droplet is spherical and its surfaces are not parallel, all this skidding in and out happens at slightly different angles for the different wavelengths of visible light, so the exiting white light disperses into a spectrum of colors. 9 The gradation of color in a rainbow is continuous — there are no stripes. Humans, however, like to organize things, including colors, to make sense of them. 10 Researchers think that's why our brains divide the bow's spectrum into distinct bands. The exact mechanism for seeing stripes, and whether it's purely in the brain or also in the eye, remains unknown. 11 The number of colors an individual perceives in a rainbow depends on expectations, which are the product of culture. Aristotle, for example, wrote of only three colors in the rainbow: red, green and violet. 12 Some early Islamic scholars also saw a tricolored rainbow, but it was red, • green and yellow. Medieval proto-scientist Roger Bacon described five colors; so did early Chinese scientists and philosophers. 13 Only after Sir Isaac Newton, in the 17th century, linked perceived colors in a rainbow to notes on a Western musical scale did European scientists agree that there were seven colors. 14 Something else to note: A rainbow will always be opposite the sun. If you think you've spotted one near or around our day star, you're seeing something else. 15 Parhelia, also known as sundogs, may appear as rounded or spiky arcs on either side of the sun. Halos, meanwhile, circle the sun. Both phenomena result from hexagonal ice crystals in high-altitude clouds acting as prisms. 16 Fire rainbows have nothing to do with rainbows, either. (Or with fire, for that matter.) More accurately known as circumhorizontal arcs, they appear horizontally and are another product of high-altitude ice crystals refracting light. 17 Fire rainbows should also not be confused with the flaming rainbow bridge of Norse mythology. That rainbow, called Bifrost, joined the mortal world with that of the gods. Upon death, worthy souls would cross it into Valhalla. 18 The Bifrost myth is likely the inspiration for a certain modern folk tale: When beloved pets die, the story goes, they cross the Rainbow Bridge to an idyllic place where they await their owners. 19 Pet lovers and Vikings aren't the only ones to see rainbows as a connection between the worlds of the living and the dead. In fact, the legend of Bifrost may be rooted in the rainbow pathway traveled by Greek and Roman messenger goddess Iris. 20 Other, even older Asian and Native American traditions also see the colorful arc as linking our world with another. Science may tell us that rainbows are roads to nowhere, but worldwide their allure endures - for the lovers, the dreamers and me.
机译：1为什么关于彩虹的歌曲那么多？可能是因为美丽而短暂的气象现象激发了我们内心的浪漫。也许是因为没有人看到相同的彩虹。 2想象一下从太阳出来的一条线，该线将在您身后的某个地方，穿过您的头部的后部，露出您的眼睛，并终止于地面上的头部阴影。您看到的任何彩虹都将围绕该轴居中。 3站在您旁边的人也可能会看到彩虹，但彩虹将围绕从太阳到其头部阴影的轴。 4当阳光（包括所有可见光的波长，一起显示为白光）在水滴（通常是雨水，但有时是水喷雾，或形成雾或雾的水滴）中弹跳时，会发生彩虹。 5一些光从液滴的外表面反射，但其余的光进入液滴，并因此滑落。 6之所以发生打滑或折射，是因为水比空气浓。当光进入液滴时，它会变慢并改变方向。 （想想如果您在高速公路上行驶时会发生什么，并且沥青突然变成泥浆。）7一旦进入液滴，光线就会从背面的内表面反射回来，然后再次折射，随着光线的传播而弯曲。将水倒回空中。 8因为液滴是球形的并且其表面不平行，所以对于可见光的不同波长，所有这种打滑进出的角度都略有不同，因此出射的白光会分散成多种颜色。 9彩虹中的颜色渐变是连续的-没有条纹。但是，人类喜欢组织包括颜色在内的事物来使它们有意义。 10研究人员认为，这就是为什么我们的大脑将弓的光谱划分为不同的带。看到条纹的确切机制，以及它究竟是在大脑还是在眼睛中，仍然未知。 11个人在彩虹中感知到的颜色数量取决于期望，而期望是文化的产物。例如，亚里斯多德（Aristotle）在彩虹中只写了三种颜色：红色，绿色和紫色。 12一些早期的伊斯兰学者也看到了三色的彩虹，但是它是红色，绿色和黄色的。中世纪的原始科学家罗杰·培根（Roger Bacon）描述了五种颜色。早期的中国科学家和哲学家也是如此。 13直到17世纪，艾萨克·牛顿爵士将彩虹中的感知颜色与西方音阶上的音符相关联之后，欧洲科学家才同意存在七种颜色。 14其他注意事项：彩虹将始终与太阳相对。如果您认为自己在我们的日星附近或附近发现了一颗星，那么您会发现其他东西。 15 Parhelia，也称为太阳狗，在太阳的两侧可能会显示为圆弧或尖锐的弧形。同时，光晕环绕太阳。这两种现象都是由高空云中的六角形冰晶充当棱镜引起的。 16火彩虹也与彩虹无关。 （或者用火来射击。）更精确地称为水平圆弧，它们是水平出现的，是高空冰晶折射光的另一产物。 17火彩虹也不应与北欧神话中火红的彩虹桥混淆。那条叫做Bifrost的彩虹与众神的世界一起加入了凡人的世界。死后，有价值的灵魂会穿过它进入瓦尔哈拉。 18 Bifrost神话很可能是某个现代民间故事的灵感来源：当宠爱的宠物死亡时，故事就过去了，它们越过彩虹桥到达了一个田园诗般的地方，等待着主人。 19宠物爱好者和维京人并不是唯一将彩虹视为活人与死者之间的联系的人。实际上，Bifrost的传说可能源于希腊和罗马使者女神艾里斯（Iris）走过的彩虹之路。 20其他甚至更古老的亚洲和美洲原住民传统也认为，五彩缤纷的弧线将我们的世界与另一个世界联系在一起。科学可能告诉我们，彩虹是通往无处可去的道路，但在全世界范围内，它们的吸引力持久-对恋人，梦想家和我来说。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Discover》 |2019年第4期|74-74|共1页
  • 作者

    GEMMA TARLACH;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号