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Permanent earthquake-induced actions in buried pipelines: Numerical modeling and experimental verification

机译：地下管道中的永久地震作用：数值模拟和实验验证

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Buried pipelines are often constructed in seismic and other geohazard areas, where severe ground deformations may induce severe strains in the pipeline. Calculation of those strains is essential for assessing pipeline integrity, and therefore, the development of efficient models accounting for soil-pipe interaction is required. The present paper is aiming at developing efficient tools for calculating ground-induced deformation on buried pipelines, often triggered by earthquake action, in the form of fault rupture, liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, soil subsidence, or landslide. Soil-pipe interaction is investigated by using advanced numerical tools, which employ solid elements for the soil, shell elements for the pipe, and account for soil-pipe interaction, supported by large-scale experiments. Soil-pipe interaction in axial and transverse directions is evaluated first, using results from special-purpose experiments and finite element simulations. The comparison between experimental and numerical results offers valuable information on key material parameters, necessary for accurate simulation of soil-pipe interaction. Furthermore, reference is made to relevant provisions of design recommendations. Using the finite element models, calibrated from these experiments, pipeline performance at seismic-fault crossings is analyzed, emphasizing on soil-pipe interaction effects in the axial direction. The second part refers to full-scale experiments, performed on a unique testing device. These experiments are modeled with the finite element tools to verify their efficiency in simulating soil-pipe response under landslide or strike-slip fault movement. The large-scale experimental results compare very well with the numerical predictions, verifying the capability of the finite element models for accurate prediction of pipeline response under permanent earthquake-induced ground deformations.
机译：地下管线通常建在地震和其他地质灾害地区，那里严重的地面变形可能会在管线中引起严重的应变。这些应变的计算对于评估管道完整性至关重要，因此，需要开发考虑土壤-管道相互作用的有效模型。本文旨在开发有效的工具，以计算通常由地震作用触发的地下管道（通常由断层破裂，液化引起的横向扩展，土壤沉降或滑坡）引起的地面变形。使用先进的数值工具研究了土壤与管道的相互作用，该工具采用了用于土壤的固体元素，用于管道的壳元素，并在大规模实验的支持下说明了土壤与管道的相互作用。首先，使用特殊目的实验和有限元模拟的结果来评估轴向和横向上的土管相互作用。实验结果和数值结果之间的比较为关键材料参数提供了有价值的信息，这对于精确模拟土管相互作用是必需的。此外，参考了设计建议的相关规定。使用通过这些实验校准的有限元模型，分析了地震-断层交叉口处的管道性能，并着重于轴向上的土管相互作用影响。第二部分涉及在独特的测试设备上执行的全面实验。这些实验使用有限元工具进行建模，以验证其在模拟滑坡或走滑断层运动下的土管响应时的效率。大型实验结果与数值预测结果非常吻合，验证了有限元模型对永久地震引起的地面变形下管道响应进行准确预测的能力。

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