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Three-storey building retrofit: rocking isolation versus conventional design

机译：三层楼建筑改造：摇摆隔离与传统设计

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Although modern seismic codes have undoubtedly led to safer structures, the seismic vulnerability of metropolitan areas is unavoidably governed by that of older buildings, which constitute the vast majority of the current building stock. Quite alarmingly, even relatively moderate intensity earthquakes have been proven capable of challenging their structural integrity, leading to severe damage or collapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the vulnerability of existing structures and to evaluate the efficiency of novel retrofit techniques. This paper studies experimentally the seismic performance of an existing three-storey building, retrofitted through addition of shear walls. Emphasis is placed on the foundation of the shear walls, and two design alternatives are comparatively assessed: (a) conventional design according to current seismic codes and (b) rocking isolation' by reducing the size of the foundation. A series of reduced-scale shaking table tests are conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics of the National Technical University of Athens. The physical model encompasses the structural system, along with the foundations, and the soil. The nonlinearity of structural members is simulated through specially designed and carefully calibrated artificial plastic hinges. The vulnerability of the original structure is confirmed, as it is found to collapse with a soft-storey mechanism when subjected to moderate intensity shaking. The conventionally retrofitted structure is proven capable of sustaining larger intensity shaking, and the rocking-isolated structure is shown to offer increased safety margins. Thanks to its inherent self-centering mechanism, the rocking system is characterized by reduced permanent drifts. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译：尽管现代地震法规无疑导致了更安全的结构，但大城市地区的地震易损性不可避免地受到旧建筑物的支配，旧建筑物占了当前建筑物的绝大部分。令人震惊的是，事实证明，即使是相对中等强度的地震也能挑战其结构完整性，从而导致严重破坏或倒塌。因此，迫切需要评估现有结构的脆弱性并评估新型改造技术的效率。本文实验研究了现有三层建筑物的抗震性能，该建筑物通过添加剪力墙进行了改造。重点放在剪力墙的基础上，并比较评估了两种设计方案：（a）根据当前地震规范进行的常规设计和（b）通过减小基础尺寸来进行隔震。在雅典国立技术大学的土壤力学实验室进行了一系列缩小规模的振动台测试。物理模型包括结构系统，基础和土壤。通过特殊设计和仔细校准的人造塑料铰链可以模拟结构构件的非线性。证实了原始结构的脆弱性，因为当受到中等强度的摇晃时，它会由于软层机制而崩溃。事实证明，传统的翻新结构能够承受更大的震动强度，并且显示出防震结构具有更高的安全裕度。由于其固有的自定心机制，摇摆系统的特点是永久性漂移减少。版权所有（c）2014 John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.

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