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Ambient vibration studies for system identification of tall buildings

机译：用于高层建筑系统识别的环境振动研究

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The performance of a building under wind and seismic loads depends on stiffness and mass distribution, and may be estimated using finite element codes. Experience has, however, shown that such finite element models often fail to predict accurately the fundamental natural frequencies. Usually the frequencies will be underestimated, that is the building will turn out to be stiffer than anticipated, meaning the design would usually be conservative. On the other hand, effects like torsional eccentricity and foundation compliance may not be correctly modelled, which could be less desirable. A full understanding of linear performance under lateral loads can be obtained through experimental evaluation of the vibration modes. Traditionally only a limited range of modal analysis procedures and software has been applied to civil applications and the 'special case' where no input forces can be measured has been the usual situation for large civil structures. Recent developments in system identification, which is the set of procedures to build mathematical models of the dynamic structural systems based on measured data, have added significantly to the potential of ambient vibration or 'output only' testing. The aim of the research reported here has been to apply and evaluate the procedures on typical buildings. The procedures are briefly explained and two experimental programmes are then described; a long-term tremor monitoring exercise on a 280 m office tower and an ambient vibration survey of a smaller office block. The different forms of response data are examined to study the performance of the analysis procedures and expose benefits and limitations in their use. There is a growing interest in output-only modal analysis procedures in civil engineering. The experience reported in this paper has shown that quick and reliable estimation of mode shapes and frequencies can be obtained, even with small amounts of data. Judgement of modal participation and damping ratios requires more detailed study yet the results are at least as convincing as existing and relatively limited frequency domain methods.
机译：建筑物在风和地震载荷下的性能取决于刚度和质量分布，可以使用有限元代码进行估算。但是，经验表明，这种有限元模型通常无法准确预测基本固有频率。通常，频率会被低估，也就是说，建筑物会变得比预期的要硬，这意味着设计通常会比较保守。另一方面，诸如扭转偏心率和基础柔度之类的影响可能未正确建模，因此可能不太理想。通过振动模式的实验评估，可以获得对横向载荷下线性性能的全面了解。传统上，仅将有限范围的模态分析程序和软件应用于民用应用，而无法测量输入力的“特殊情况”是大型民用建筑的常见情况。系统识别的最新进展是基于测得的数据建立动态结构系统数学模型的一组程序，极大地增加了环境振动或“仅输出”测试的潜力。此处报道的研究目的是在典型建筑物上应用和评估该程序。简要说明了程序，然后描述了两个实验程序；在280 m的办公大楼上进行了长期震颤监测，并对一个较小的办公大楼进行了环境振动调查。检查了不同形式的响应数据，以研究分析程序的性能并揭示其使用的好处和局限性。在土木工程中，人们对仅输出模态分析程序越来越感兴趣。本文报道的经验表明，即使有少量数据，也可以快速，可靠地估计模式形状和频率。模态参与和阻尼比的判断需要更详细的研究，但结果至少与现有且相对有限的频域方法一样令人信服。

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