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Ecohydrological controls on snowmelt partitioning in mixed-conifer sub-alpine forests

机译:针叶树亚高山混交林融雪分配的生态水文控制

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摘要

We used co-located observations of snow depth, soil temperature, and moisture and energy fluxes to monitor variability in snowmelt infiltration and vegetation water use at mixed-conifer sub-alpine forest sites in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico (3020 m) and on Niwot Ridge, Colorado (3050 m). At both sites, vegetation structure largely controlled the distribution of snow accumulation with 29% greater accumulation in open versus under-canopy locations. Snow ablation rates were diminished by 39% in under-canopy locations, indicating increases in vegetation density act to extend the duration of the snowmelt season. Similarly, differences in climate altered snow-season duration, snowmelt infiltration and evapotranspiration. Commencement of the growing season was coincident with melt-water input to the soil and lagged behind springtime increases in air temperature by 12 days on average, ranging from 2 to 33 days under warmer and colder conditions, respectively. Similarly, the timing of peak soil moisture was highly variable, lagging behind springtime increases in air temperature by 42 and 31 days on average at the Colorado and New Mexico sites, respectively. Latent heat flux and associated evaporative loss to the atmosphere was 28% greater for the year with earlier onset of snowmelt infiltration. Given the large and variable fraction of precipitation that was partitioned into water vapour loss, the combined effects of changes in vegetation structure, climate and associated changes to the timing and magnitude of snowmelt may have large effects on the partitioning of snowmelt into evapotranspiration, surface runoff and ground water recharge.
机译:我们使用了位于同一地点的雪深,土壤温度以及水分和能量通量的观测值,以监测新墨西哥州Valles火山口(3020 m)及以后的混合针叶树亚高山森林站点融雪渗透和植被用水的变化。科罗拉多州尼沃特里奇(3050 m)。在这两个地点,植被结构在很大程度上控制了积雪的分布,在开放式林冠下的积雪比在树冠下的积雪大29%。在树冠下的位置,雪融化率降低了39%,这表明植被密度的增加延长了融雪季节的持续时间。同样,气候差异改变了雪季持续时间,融雪渗透和蒸散量。生长季节的开始与向土壤中输入的融化水相吻合,并且在春季春季平均气温升高后滞后12天,在温暖和寒冷条件下分别为2至33天。同样,峰值土壤水分的时间变化很大,在科罗拉多州和新墨西哥州,春季空气温度分别平均上升了42天和31天。随着融雪的渗透较早开始,一年中的潜热通量和相关的蒸发到大气中的损失增加了28%。考虑到降水的大而小部分被划分为水蒸气损失,植被结构,气候变化以及融雪时间和幅度的相关变化的综合影响可能会对融雪分配为蒸散,地表径流产生重大影响和地下水补给。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Ecohydrology》 |2009年第2期|129-142|共14页
  • 作者单位

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 300-233, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;

    Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;

    National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;

    Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;

    Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA;

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    snowmelt infiltration; evapotranspiration; snow-vegetation interactions; vegetation change;

    机译:融雪入渗;蒸散植被与雪的相互作用植被变化;

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