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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological Complexity >Over-shading is critical for inducing a regime shift from heathland to grassland under nitrogen enrichment
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Over-shading is critical for inducing a regime shift from heathland to grassland under nitrogen enrichment

机译：过度遮蔽对于在氮富集下引起从荒地到草原的过渡非常关键

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摘要

The mass conversion of heathland to grassland in north-western Europe the past decades is a typical example of how tipping points threaten the biodiversity and ecosystem services delivered by biota. Different explanations have been provided for this conversion, with nitrogen enrichment resulting from anthropogenic activities being a commonly supported hypothesis. Here we present a mathematical model to investigate the conditions under which the conversion of heathland to grassland can occur. The model describes indirect competition for light and nitrogen between heather dwarf shrub (Calluna vulgaris) and wavy hair-grass (Deschampsia flexuosa), while both species also over-shade each other. Nutrient co-limitation in the model is described using the Synthesizing Unit concept. Over-shading is found to play a pivotal role in the existence of alternative stable states in the model. Under constant light availability a combination of over-shading and enrichment with ammonia leads to a regime shift from heathland to grassland, while under enrichment with ammonia alone there is coexistence between the two species. These results are supported by experimental findings in the literature. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在过去的几十年中，欧洲西北部的欧石南丛生地转换为草地，这是临界点如何威胁生物群提供的生物多样性和生态系统服务的典型例子。对于这种转化已经提供了不同的解释，由人为活动引起的氮富集是普遍支持的假设。在这里，我们提出了一个数学模型来研究荒地向草地转化的条件。该模型描述了石南花矮矮灌木（Calluna vulgaris）和波浪草（Deschampsia flexuosa）之间对光和氮的间接竞争，而这两个物种也相互遮蔽。使用合成单元概念描述模型中的营养素共限制。发现过度阴影在模型中存在替代稳定状态中起着关键作用。在恒定的光利用率下，过度遮蔽和氨气富集相结合会导致从荒地到草原的转移，而仅氨气富集，这两个物种就并存。这些结果得到文献中实验结果的支持。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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