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Joint environmental and cost efficiency analysis of electricity generation

机译：联合环境与发电成本效益分析

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Fossil-fuel based electricity generation produces the largest proportion of human-related carbon pollution in the United States. Hence, fuel choices by steam plants are key determinants of the industry's impact on national and global greenhouse gas emissions, and key foci for climate change policy. Yet, little research has been done to examine the economic and environmental tradeoffs among the different types of fuels that are used by these plants. This paper applies a Data Envelopment Analysis procedure that incorporates the materials balance principle to estimate the allocations of coal, gas and oil inputs that minimize carbon emissions and costs. Using EIA 906 and FERC 423 data, the paper estimates cost/carbon tradeoffs facing two sets of plants: those that use coal and gas inputs, and those that use coal, gas and oil inputs. Findings for our three-input sample show that there would be a 79% increase in cost for moving from the cost-efficient point to the carbon efficient point, while there would be a 38% increase in carbon for moving from the carbon efficient point to the cost-efficient point These conclusions indicate that, in general, the gap between efficient cost and efficient environmental production is wide, and would require substantial policy intervention, technological change or market adjustment before it could be narrowed. However, our examination of individual plants shows that what is true in general is often not true for specific plants. Some plants that are currently less efficient than those on the production frontier could produce the same amount of electricity with less carbon output and less fuel input. Additionally, many plants on the production frontier could improve both cost and carbon efficiency by changing their mixture of fossil-fuel inputs.
机译：在美国，以化石燃料为基础的发电所产生的与人类相关的碳污染比例最大。因此，蒸汽电厂的燃料选择是该行业对国家和全球温室气体排放影响的关键决定因素，也是气候变化政策的关键焦点。然而，很少有研究检查这些工厂使用的不同类型燃料之间的经济和环境平衡。本文采用了一种数据包络分析程序，该程序结合了物料平衡原理，以估算可将碳排放量和成本降至最低的煤炭，天然气和石油投入的分配。本文使用EIA 906和FERC 423数据，估算了两套工厂面临的成本/碳权衡：使用煤和天然气的工厂，以及使用煤，天然气和石油的工厂。我们的三项输入样本的调查结果显示，从成本效益点转移到碳效率点，成本将增加79％，而从碳效率点转移到碳效率点，则碳将增加38％。成本效益点这些结论表明，总的来说，有效成本与有效环境生产之间的差距是巨大的，在缩小之前，需要进行实质性的政策干预，技术变革或市场调整。但是，我们对单个植物的检查表明，通常情况下，对特定植物而言通常不是正确的。当前一些效率不如生产前沿工厂高的工厂可以产生相同量的电力，但碳排放量较少，燃料输入较少。此外，生产前沿的许多工厂可以通过改变化石燃料投入的混合比例来提高成本和碳效率。

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