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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological indicators >Basin risk explains patterns of macroinvertebrate community differences across small streams in the Fayetteville Shale, AR
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Basin risk explains patterns of macroinvertebrate community differences across small streams in the Fayetteville Shale, AR

机译：流域风险解释了阿拉斯加州费耶特维尔页岩小流域大型无脊椎动物群落差异的模式

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Understanding the relationship between natural landscape characteristics and human activities is crucial to predicting conditions under which loss of freshwater biodiversity occurs. For example, region-specific human activities, like unconventional natural gas (UNG) development, are often absent from models because of their limited spatial extent, yet their effects may alter stream ecosystems. Unconventional natural gas development is an expanding human activity that requires land-clearing, water withdrawal, and chemicals for hydraulic fracturing that could alter stream habitat and water quality, yet the degree of alteration may depend on basin natural landscape characteristics. We modified a basin-specific multi-metric risk model and used it to predict differences in macroinvertebrate communities in small stream basins (range 5.71–90.96 km2) in the Fayetteville Shale, Arkansas. We modeled basin risk as the interaction between basin natural sensitivity to alterations and basin exposure to human activities. We predicted that macroinvertebrate communities in 18 basins exposed to a gradient of unconventional natural gas (UNG) in a pasture-dominated landscape would experience greater differences in macroinvertebrate metrics across a risk gradient than 22 basins with a similar gradient of pasture land. Macroinvertebrate metrics of diversity declined by as much as 88% across the basin risk gradient. In contrast, macroinvertebrate metrics of biomass and density increased by 28% across the same basin risk gradient. Basin risk explained more variation in macroinvertebrate communities than sensitivity or exposure alone, suggesting an interaction between basin natural landscape characteristics and human activities. In contrast to our prediction, all macroinvertebrate metrics responded similarly in basins with and without UNG, which suggests either there was no added stressor-effect of UNG or UNG alterations resulted in the same biological effects as pasture. However, macroinvertebrate metrics in basins with and without UNG responded differently across a sediment-specific risk model where dams were modeled as sediment traps instead of structures that alter flow and temperature. As land alterations continue in the Fayetteville Shale, our basin-specific risk model can be used as a tool to identify at-risk stream communities.
机译：了解自然景观特征与人类活动之间的关系对于预测发生淡水生物多样性丧失的条件至关重要。例如，由于模型的空间范围有限，因此通常缺乏特定区域的人类活动，例如非常规天然气（UNG）开发，但其影响可能会改变河流生态系统。非常规天然气的开发是人类活动的扩展，需要清理土地，取水和水力压裂用化学药品，这可能会改变河流的生境和水质，但改变的程度可能取决于盆地的自然景观特征。我们修改了一个针对流域的多指标风险模型，并用它来预测阿肯色州Fayetteville页岩小流域（范围5.71–90.96 km2）中大型无脊椎动物群落的差异。我们将流域风险建模为流域对变化的自然敏感性与流域人类活动暴露之间的相互作用。我们预测，在以牧场为主的景观中，暴露于非常规天然气（UNG）梯度的18个盆地中的大型无脊椎动物群落，与具有类似牧场地梯度的22个盆地相比，在整个风险梯度中大型无脊椎动物指标将经历更大的差异。在整个流域风险梯度中，大型无脊椎动物的多样性指标下降了多达88％。相反，在相同的盆地风险梯度下，生物量和密度的大型无脊椎动物指标增加了28％。流域风险解释了大型无脊椎动物群落的变化，而不是仅凭敏感度或暴露程度，这表明流域自然景观特征与人类活动之间存在相互作用。与我们的预测相反，在有和没有UNG的盆地中，所有大型无脊椎动物指标的反应都相似，这表明UNG并没有增加应激源效应或UNG改变产生了与牧场相同的生物学效应。但是，在有和没有UNG的盆地中，大型无脊椎动物指标在特定于沉积物的风险模型中的反应不同，在该模型中，将大坝建模为沉积物陷阱，而不是改变流量和温度的结构。随着Fayetteville页岩中土地变化的继续，我们针对流域的风险模型可以用作识别高风险河流群落的工具。

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