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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological indicators >Resilience to fire and climate seasonality drive the temporal dynamics of ant-plant interactions in a fire-prone ecosystem
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Resilience to fire and climate seasonality drive the temporal dynamics of ant-plant interactions in a fire-prone ecosystem

机译：对火和气候季节性的适应力驱动着火易发生态系统中蚂蚁与植物相互作用的时间动态

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Animal-plant interactions have a major influence on ecosystem structure and functioning. Understanding to what extent the temporal dynamics of interactions is determined by climate and disturbances is thus relevant to predict ecological and evolutionary outcomes in a changing world. Here, we assessed whether the temporal dynamics of ant-plant interactions in a mountainous fire-prone ecosystem is driven by seasonal variation in abiotic conditions, and to what extent fire disturbance alters this dynamic. We also examined the thermal responses of foliage-dwelling ants in order to predict the effects of seasonal oscillations of temperature on ant activity. To do so, we monitored ant-plant associations in 35 sampling plots for one year before an unmanaged fire has occurred. Then, 26 burned and nine unburned plots were monitored for another year after fire. We found that warmer and wetter conditions let to increases in the diversity and frequency of ant-plant interactions, mainly via upturns in plant resource availability and ant foraging activity. Beyond the positive effects of temperature on interaction networks, however, ant species exhibited a low heterogeneity and a huge overlap in thermal niches. Moreover, fire has led to short-term negative effects on the diversity and frequency of interactions in ant-plant networks. In spite of it, these network metrics in burned plots took up to half a year to return to similar levels from unburned plots, highlighting the resilience of ant-plant interactions after fire disturbances. This study shows that wide thermal niches of ant species and fire resilience likely beget ant-plant networks reliability over seasons. The high overlap and broad thermal niches of ant species interacting with plant resources suggest that ant diversity plays a minor role in the tolerance against climatic changes in this fire-adapted community. These findings open a new pathway to explore thermal responses of species and their ecological interactions in broader gradients of environmental conditions and ecosystem disturbances. We advocate that long-term studies comprising assisted burnings are desirable to forecast the impact of fire regimes and how their synergy with climate would affect the functioning of fire-prone ecosystems. Lastly, this study adds evidence that studied interaction networks can be useful to monitor the impacts of environmental changes such as anthropogenic disturbances, being representative of many even more complex species interactions in ecosystems.
机译：动植物相互作用对生态系统的结构和功能有重大影响。因此，了解相互作用的时间动态在多大程度上受气候和干扰的影响，对于预测不断变化的世界中的生态和进化结果具有重要意义。在这里，我们评估了山区火易生生态系统中蚂蚁与植物相互作用的时间动态是否受非生物条件的季节性变化驱动，以及火灾干扰在多大程度上改变了这种动态。我们还检查了居住在枝叶上的蚂蚁的热响应，以预测温度的季节性波动对蚂蚁活动的影响。为此，在未进行管理的火灾发生之前，我们在35个采样区中对蚂蚁与植物的关联进行了一年的监控。然后，火灾发生后的第二年，对26个燃烧的土地和9个未燃烧的土地进行了监测。我们发现，温暖和潮湿的条件主要通过植物资源可用性和蚂蚁觅食活动的增加，使蚂蚁与植物相互作用的多样性和频率增加。然而，除了温度对相互作用网络的积极影响外，蚂蚁物种还表现出低异质性和热小生境的巨大重叠。此外，火灾已导致对蚂蚁-植物网络相互作用的多样性和频率的短期负面影响。尽管如此，这些在燃烧地块中的网络指标要花半年的时间才能从未燃烧地块恢复到相似的水平，从而突显了火灾后蚂蚁与植物之间相互作用的适应力。这项研究表明，蚂蚁物种的广泛热生态位和耐火性可能会在整个季节引起蚂蚁-植物网络的可靠性。蚂蚁物种与植物资源相互作用的高度重叠和宽广的生态位表明，在这种适应火情的群落中，蚂蚁的多样性在抵抗气候变化中起着次要的作用。这些发现为探索物种的热响应及其在更大范围的环境条件和生态系统扰动中的生态相互作用开辟了一条新途径。我们主张进行包括辅助燃烧在内的长期研究，以预测火势的影响以及它们与气候的协同作用将如何影响易火生态系统的功能。最后，这项研究增加了证据，表明所研究的相互作用网络可用于监测环境变化（如人为干扰）的影响，是生态系统中许多甚至更复杂的物种相互作用的代表。

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