Emergy evaluation vs. life cycle-based embodied energy (solar, tidal and geothermal) of wood biomass resources

E. Neri; B. Rugani; E. Benetto; S. Bastianoni

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Emergy evaluation vs. life cycle-based embodied energy (solar, tidal and geothermal) of wood biomass resources

机译：木材生物质资源的能值评估与基于生命周期的体现能量（太阳能，潮汐和地热）

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Several environmental accounting methods exist to evaluate the rate of ecosystems resource exploitation and to strengthen the comparison among human production systems in terms of renewability and sustainable use of resources. However, their application rarely refers to the environmental work that is necessary to produce natural resources. The aim of this research is to advance the characterization of different wood biomass species by using the emergy principles and thus to estimate the geobiosphere work required to generate wood resources. The analysis has been conducted applying the classical emergy methodology and a recently developed life cycle-based embodied energy approach. This latter is implemented with the support of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles and tools to disclose as a result vectors of Unit Embodied Energy Value (UEEV), composed by three components: the Embodied Solar, Tidal and Geothermal Energy. Differently from emergy evaluation, the life cycle-based embodied energy approach does not consider the baseline concept and the emergy algebra, but the Solar, Geothermal and Tidal sources are independently quantified, keeping them separated and not weighted. The present paper shows that the latter method can provide a consistent framework to trace and evaluate the primary provision of energy throughout the formation of resources. Regionalized UEVs (Unit Emergy Values) and (UEEVs) have been obtained and compared with regard to Fagus spp., Quercus spp., Picea spp., Pinus spp., Pseudotsuga spp., Fraxinus spp., Populus spp., Castanea spp., and other grouped conifers (Larix spp., Cupressus spp. and Abies spp.) and other deciduous species (Carpinus spp., Betulus spp., Alnus spp. and Robinia spp.). The trend of output values per unit of resource species obtained by means of the two methods was very similar when looking at the Solar Embodied Energy contribution, meaning that this flow has the main direct (with the life cycle-based embodied energy approach) and indirect (with the emergy one) influence on the generation of wood biomass. Results obtained by means of both methods can fill out the life cycle of products based on wood biomass, providing the natural contribution to wood species formation and thus embedding this information in the technosphere processes.

机译：存在几种环境核算方法来评估生态系统资源的开发速度，并在可再生性和资源的可持续利用方面加强人类生产系统之间的比较。但是，它们的应用很少涉及生产自然资源所必需的环境工作。这项研究的目的是通过利用能值原理来推进不同木材生物量物种的表征，从而估算产生木材资源所需的地球生物圈工作。该分析是使用经典的能值方法和最近开发的基于生命周期的体现能量方法进行的。后者是在生命周期评估（LCA）原理和工具的支持下实施的，作为结果公开了单位体现的能量值（UEEV）的向量，该向量由三个部分组成：体现的太阳能，潮汐能和地热能。与能值评估不同，基于生命周期的内含能方法不考虑基准线概念和能值代数，但对太阳能，地热能和潮汐源进行了独立量化，使它们分开且未加权。本文表明，后一种方法可以提供一个一致的框架来跟踪和评估整个资源形成过程中主要的能源供应。已获得区域UEV（单位能值）和（UEEV），并与Fagus属，Quercus属，Picea属，Pinus属，Pseudotsuga属，Fraxinus属，Populus属，Castanea属进行了比较。，以及其他分组针叶树（Larix物种，柏属和Abies物种）和其他落叶树种（Carpinus物种，Betulus物种，Alnus物种和Robinia物种）。通过两种方法获得的每单位资源物种的输出值的趋势在观察太阳能体现的能量贡献时非常相似，这意味着这种流动具有主要的直接（基于生命周期的体现能量方法）和间接的（与能值一）对木材生物量产生的影响。通过这两种方法获得的结果可以填补基于木材生物量的产品的生命周期，为木材物种的形成提供自然的贡献，从而将这些信息嵌入到技术圈的过程中。

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来源
《Ecological indicators》 |2014年第1期|419-430|共12页
作者
E. Neri; B. Rugani; E. Benetto; S. Bastianoni;
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作者单位

Ecodynamics Croup, DEEPS, Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2.53100 Siena, Italy;

Public Research Centre Henri Tudor (CRPHT)/Resource Centre for Environmental Technologies (CRTE), 6A avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;

Public Research Centre Henri Tudor (CRPHT)/Resource Centre for Environmental Technologies (CRTE), 6A avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;

Ecodynamics Croup, DEEPS, Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2.53100 Siena, Italy;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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关键词
Sustainability; Bottom-up; Unit Emergy Value; Unit Embodied Energy Values; Forest species;

机译：可持续发展;自下而上;单位能值单位体现的能源价值;森林种类;

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2. Response to embodied energy and emergy analyses of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system (2012) [J] . Elliott Campbell Energy Policy . 2013,第sepa期

机译：对集中式太阳能（CSP）系统的具体能量和能值分析的响应（2012）
3. Embodied energy and emergy analyses of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system [J] . Meimei Zhang, Zhifeng Wang, Chao Xu, Energy Policy . 2012,第Mara期

机译：集中式太阳能（CSP）系统的具体能源和能值分析
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7. This article presents a new numerical model describing the behaviour of a thermally thick wood sample exposed to high solar heat flux (above 1 MW/m2). A preliminary study based on dimensionless numbers is used to classify the problem and support model building assumptions. Then, a model based on mass, momentum and energy balance equations is proposed. These equations are coupled with liquid-vapour drying model and pseudo species biomass degradation model. By comparing to a former experimental study, preliminary results have shown that these equations are not enough to accurately predict biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux. Indeed, a char layer acting as radiative shield forms on the sample exposed surface. In addition to this classical set of equations, it is mandatory to take into account radiation penetration into the medium. Furthermore, as biomass contains water, medium deformation consecutively to char steam gasification must also be implemented. Finally, with the addition of these two strategies, the model is able to properly capture the degradation of biomass when exposed to high radiative heat flux over a range of sample initial moisture content. Additional insights of biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux were also derived. Drying, pyrolysis and gasification fronts are present at the same time inside of the sample. The coexistence of these three thermochemical fronts leads to char gasification by the steam produced from drying of the sample, which it is the main phenomenon behind medium ablation. [O] . Pozzobon, Victor, Salvador, Sylvain, Bézian, Jean Jacques 2018

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Emergy evaluation vs. life cycle-based embodied energy (solar, tidal and geothermal) of wood biomass resources

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