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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological indicators >Virtual water accounting for the globalized world economy: National water footprint and international virtual water trade
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Virtual water accounting for the globalized world economy: National water footprint and international virtual water trade

机译：虚拟水占全球经济的核算：国家水足迹和国际虚拟水贸易

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This study investigates the virtual water profile of the world in 2004 based on a multi-region input-output model. The water footprints of 112 nation-level regions are calculated and the footprint compositions of major water consumers are analyzed. Less than 35% of the global virtual water requirement is provided by agricultural products, in spite of the fact that 69% of the total water withdrawal is associated with agricultural sector. At the national scale, India, the United States, and mainland China are the world's largest virtual water consumers. Per capita water footprint varies from 30 m~3 for Rest of South Central Africa to 3290 m~3 for Luxembourg. As one of the major determinants of national footprint, international virtual water trade sums up to 30% of the direct water withdrawal of the world. Meanwhile, results show that 57% of the international virtual water flows is embodied in non-food trade, confirming the importance to take not only food product but also non-food product into account when overall water budget is considered. Mainland China is the world's leading exporter and deficit receiver in terms of virtual water trade (204 Gm~3 and 142 Cm~3, respectively), in contrast to the United States as the leading importer (178 Gm~3) and Japan as the leading surplus receiver (77 Gm~3). Finally, the virtual water trade connections of China and the United States with their major trading partners are revealed via introducing the index of virtual water dependency. Results presented in this study are of essential implications for policy making regarding water using pattern adjustment and water security enhancement.
机译：这项研究基于多区域投入产出模型，调查了2004年世界的虚拟水资源状况。计算了112个国家级地区的水足迹，并分析了主要用水者的足迹组成。尽管有69％的总取水量与农业部门有关，但全球不到35％的虚拟需水量是由农产品提供的。在全国范围内，印度，美国和中国大陆是全球最大的虚拟水消费国。人均水足迹从中南部非洲其他地区的30 m〜3到卢森堡的3290 m〜3不等。作为国家足迹的主要决定因素之一，国际虚拟水贸易总计占世界直接取水量的30％。同时，结果表明，国际虚拟水流量的57％体现在非食品贸易中，这证实了在考虑总体水预算时不仅要考虑食品，而且要考虑非食品的重要性。就虚拟水贸易而言，中国大陆是世界领先的出口国和赤字接收国（分别为204 Gm〜3和142 Cm〜3），而美国是主要的进口国（178 Gm〜3），日本是最大的进口国。领先的剩余接收器（77 Gm〜3）。最后，通过引入虚拟水依赖指数揭示了中美与主要贸易伙伴的虚拟水贸易联系。这项研究提出的结果对于有关用水模式调整和加强水安全的决策至关重要。

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