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Phylogenetic clustering in beneficial attributes of tree species directly linked to provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services

机译：系统发育聚类是树种的有益属性，与供应，调节和文化生态系统服务直接相关

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Phylogenetic diversity is expected to be an important predictor of ecosystem multifunctionality because distant relatives are often more functionally different than close relatives. However, the general extent of non-random linkages between phylogeny and ecosystem services remains unclear. In this study, we examined phylogenetic clustering and associations of beneficial attributes of tree species that are essential for various aspects of ecosystem services to assess the generality of the phylogenetic bias in ecosystem service provision. Through literature mining, we compiled 15 benefits linked to a wide variety of ecosystem services for 171 tree species common in Japan to examine phylogenetic clustering in the beneficial attributes. In addition, we examined whether taxonomically different species provide different bundles, or suites, of benefits. Significant phylogenetic signals were detected in all 15 beneficial attributes even though some benefits are specific to Japanese culture. Beneficial species overlapped significantly more than random expectation for 25 of the 105 possible combinations of the benefits, whereas they differed significantly for eight combinations of the benefits. Cluster analysis classified the species into five groups by similarity of their beneficial attributes. Distribution of these groups among phylogenetic clades was significantly uneven, indicating that phylogenetically distant species tended to have different bundles of beneficial attributes. Fabids tended to provide more kinds of benefits than species in other clades. Overall our analysis suggests that, at least in tree communities of Japan, phylogenetic diversity can potentially increase ecosystem multifunctionality via complementarity of beneficial attributes among phylogenetically distant species. Future analyses of actual relationships between phylogenetic diversity and multifunctionality of tree communities will provide further insights into the ecological processes sustaining ecosystem multifunctionality.
机译：系统发育多样性有望成为生态系统多功能性的重要预测指标，因为远亲通常在功能上比近亲更大。但是，系统发育和生态系统服务之间的非随机联系的总体程度仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了树种的系统发育聚类和有益属性的关联，这些对于生态系统服务的各个方面都是必不可少的，以评估生态系统服务提供中系统发生偏见的普遍性。通过文献挖掘，我们编制了15种与日本171种常见树种的生态系统服务相关的收益，以研究有益特征的系统发育聚类。此外，我们检查了分类学上不同的物种是否提供了不同的捆绑或优惠组合。即使在某些有益于日本文化的益处中，在全部15种有益属性中都检测到了重要的系统发育信号。在105种可能的利益组合中，有益物种的重叠远大于随机预期，而在8种利益组合中，有益物种的差异显着。聚类分析根据其有益属性的相似性将物种分为五类。这些族群在进化进化枝之间的分布明显不均匀，表明在系统进化距离较远的物种倾向于具有不同的有益属性束。与其他进化枝中的物种相比，败类倾向于提供更多的利益。总体而言，我们的分析表明，至少在日本的树木群落中，系统发育多样性可以通过在系统发育距离较远的物种之间有益特征的互补性来潜在地提高生态系统的多功能性。未来分析系统发育多样性和树木社区的多功能性之间的实际关系，将为维持生态系统多功能性的生态过程提供进一步的见解。

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