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The impact of introduced predators on two threatened prey species: A case study from western New South Wales

机译：外来掠食者对两种受威胁猎物的影响：来自新南威尔士州西部的案例研究

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Since European settlement, many Australian mammals have become extinct; numerous others survive within substantially reduced ranges. Predation by the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and House Cat (Felis catus) are two of the major drivers of this decline. The demise of Australia's native fauna continues, with ground-nesting birds such as the Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) now being at greatest risk of extinction. In regions of Western Australia, this situation has been partially reversed through the broadscale control of the Fox and the re-introduction of locally extinct species. In this paper, we review research undertaken on Yathong Nature Reserve (YNR) in western New South Wales to (ⅰ) evaluate current threats, and (ⅱ) assess our ability to restore locally extinct species across this particular landscape. We conducted releases of both the Malleefowl and Brush-tailed Bettong (Bettongia penicillata), two species that were once common in the region. Despite the potential for food resources to have been diminished by exotic herbivores, we found no evidence that food shortage was a limiting factor for either of the two species we released. Predation by the Fox was the greatest single cause of Malleefowl mortality. Localized, intensive ground baiting of the Fox was essentially ineffective in mitigating this threat, whereas broadscale aerial baiting substantially enhanced Malleefowl survival, at least during the first few years. Accordingly, thrice-yearly aerial baiting for the Fox has been conducted on YNR since 1996. Despite this, and a long-term restocking programme, the size of the Malleefowl population has not increased since aerial baiting began. The release of the Brush-tailed Bettong into YNR in 2001 confirmed the effectiveness of the ongoing fox-control programme but demonstrated the detrimental impact of another introduced predator - the Cat. We conclude that, while current management actions continue, the Fox is no longer a threat to wildlife on YNR, and suggest that the Cat is now the major impediment to both the recovery of depleted faunal populations (including the Malleefowl) and the restoration of locally extinct species (such as bettongs) within this landscape.
机译：自欧洲定居以来，许多澳大利亚哺乳动物已经灭绝。许多其他人在大幅缩小的范围内生存。红狐（Vulpes vulpes）和家猫（Felis catus）的捕食是造成这种下降的两个主要驱动因素。澳大利亚本土动物的灭绝仍在继续，地面上筑巢的鸟类，例如Malleefowl（Leipoa ocellata）现在面临灭绝的最大风险。在西澳大利亚州的地区，由于对福克斯的广泛控制和对当地灭绝物种的重新引进，这种情况已部分扭转。在本文中，我们回顾了在新南威尔士州西部的Yathong自然保护区（YNR）上进行的研究，以（ⅰ）评估当前的威胁，并（ⅱ）评估我们在此特定景观下恢复当地灭绝物种的能力。我们同时发布了Malleefowl和Brush-tailed Bettong（Bettongia penicillata），这两个物种曾经在该地区很常见。尽管外来草食动物减少了粮食资源的潜力，但我们没有发现证据表明粮食短缺是我们释放的两个物种中的一个限制因素。福克斯的捕食是Malleefowl死亡的最大原因。福克斯的局部，密集地面诱饵在缓解这种威胁方面实际上是无效的，而至少在最初的几年中，大规模空中诱饵极大地提高了野鸭的生存能力。因此，自1996年以来，已经对YNR进行了三年一次的Fox空中诱饵。尽管如此，并且制定了长期放养计划，自从开始空中诱饵以来，Malleefowl的种群数量并未增加。于2001年将刷子尾的Bettong投放到YNR中，证实了正在进行的狐狸控制程序的有效性，但证明了另一种引入的捕食者Cat的有害影响。我们得出的结论是，尽管目前的管理行动仍在继续，但狐狸已不再是YNR上野生动植物的威胁，并建议猫现在成为枯竭动物种群（包括Malleefowl）恢复和当地恢复的主要障碍。该景观中的绝种物种（例如bettongs）。

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