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Fungal succession and decomposition of Pinus densiflora snags

机译：松树粗枝的真菌演替与分解

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Fungal decomposition of coarse woody debris has an essential role in the biodiversity and carbon and nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the effects of fungal species and within-stem diversity on wood decay is limited. In this paper, I described the process of wood decay and fungal succession of pine (Pinus densiflora) snags using chronosequence method. The results showed that the decay process differed between sapwood and heartwood. Sapwood decayed faster than heartwood, despite their initial densities being the same. Sapwood decay occurred in two phases. The first phase involved a typical white-rot process wherein acid-unhydrolysable residue (lignin) and holocellulose decayed simultaneously. White-rot species, such as Trichaptum abietinum and Phanerochaete sordida, were the dominant fungi and were likely the functional decomposers in this phase. The second phase involved selective decomposition of holocellulose. The dominant fungi in this phase included soft-rot species, such as Trichoderma spp., that can decompose holocellulose in wood that was previously delignified by white-rot species. In contrast to sapwood, heartwood experienced less loss of wood density and no clear change in lignocellulose composition, even in later stages of decay. Dominant fungi in heartwood included the latent inhabitants of living pine trees, such as Ascocoryne cylichnium, which is known to reduce colonization and wood decay by strong decomposers. These results suggest that, in addition to decay-resistant chemicals present in heartwood, the differences in the fungal communities present in heartwood and sapwood were responsible for the differences in their decay rates.
机译：粗木屑的真菌分解在森林生态系统的生物多样性以及碳和养分动态中具有重要作用。但是，我们对真菌种类和茎内多样性对木材腐烂的影响的了解有限。在本文中，我用时间序列方法描述了松材（Pinus densiflora）粗枝的木材腐烂和真菌演替的过程。结果表明，边材和心材的衰变过程有所不同。尽管边材的初始密度相同，但边材的腐烂速度比心材快。边材衰变发生在两个阶段。第一阶段涉及典型的白腐过程，其中酸不可水解残基（木质素）和全纤维素同时分解。白腐菌，如Trichaptum abietinum和Phanerochaete sordida，是主要的真菌，并且很可能是此阶段的功能分解物。第二阶段涉及全纤维素的选择性分解。在此阶段，主要的真菌包括软腐菌种，例如木霉属（Trichoderma spp。），它们可以分解先前被白腐菌种木质化的木材中的全纤维素。与边材相比，心材即使在腐烂的后期，木材密度的损失也较小，木质纤维素组成也没有明显变化。心材中的主要真菌包括活的松树的潜在居民，例如Ascocoryne Cylichnium，众所周知，这种细菌可通过强分解剂减少定居和木材腐烂。这些结果表明，除了心材中存在的抗腐烂化学物质外，心材和边材中存在的真菌群落的差异也是造成其腐烂率差异的原因。

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