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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Selective disturbance by elephants (Loxodonta africana) on eight tree species in a West African savannah
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Selective disturbance by elephants (Loxodonta africana) on eight tree species in a West African savannah

机译：大象（非洲象）对西非大草原的八种树种的选择性干扰

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摘要

African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are ecosystem engineers in African savannahs, but their role in the modifications of the populations of trees by means of their browsing activities has been poorly studied so far in West Africa. We studied the disturbance of elephants to eight selected species of trees in the Nazinga Game Ranch (Burkina Faso), in 54 transects at the end of dry season 2008. We fitted simple models describing the number of dead individuals for each tree species in relation to their initial population density, and in relation to dung-pile density, in the assumption that there should be a positive relationship between elephant density and dung-pile density. Generalized Linear Model analyses and regression analyses showed that the more dense the woodland cover, the least the percentage of damaged plants by elephants. For each plant species, the initial density and density of elephant dung-piles explained a high proportion of the variance in the density of dead individuals. Stochastic models, generated by a purposely created simple computer program written in GW-BASIC programming language, predicted changes in tree and shrub abundance under different assumptions about elephant numbers. The models suggested that elephant browsing may cause considerable change in the selected plant populations, especially with regard to such species as Acacia gourmaensis, Vitellaria paradoxa and Maytenus senegalensis. These changes may possibly increase the meat harvest from controlled hunting activities, thus improving the income for surrounding communities.
机译：非洲象（Loxodonta africana）是非洲大草原的生态系统工程师，但是到目前为止，在西非，人们对它们通过浏览活动对树木种群进行改造的作用的研究很少。我们在2008年旱季结束时研究了Nazinga Game Ranch（布基纳法索）的大象对八种选定树种的干扰情况，这些树种有54个样带。我们拟合了简单的模型来描述每种树种的死亡个体数量与假设大象密度和粪堆密度之间存在正相关关系，则它们的初始种群密度以及与粪堆密度有关。广义线性模型分析和回归分析表明，林地覆盖的密度越大，被大象破坏的植物的百分比最少。对于每种植物，大象粪堆的初始密度和密度解释了死亡个体密度变化的很大一部分。随机模型是由专门创建的用GW-BASIC编程语言编写的简单计算机程序生成的，它在关于大象数量的不同假设下预测了树木和灌木的丰度变化。这些模型表明，大象的浏览可能会导致所选植物种群发生重大变化，特别是对于象金合欢，反绒螯蟹和塞内加尔Maytenus等物种。这些变化可能会增加狩猎活动中的肉类收成，从而改善周围社区的收入。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2017年第2期|205-214|共10页
  • 作者

    Hema Emmanuel M.; Barnes Richard F. W.; Di Vittorio Massimiliano; Luiselli Luca; Guenda Wendengoudi;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO CUPD, Lab Biol & Ecol Anim, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso;

    Univ Calif San Diego, Ecol Behav & Evolut Sect, Div Biol Sci MC 0116, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA|Univ Calif San Diego, Div Hematol Oncol, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA;

    Ecol Appl Italia Srl, Via Edoardo Jenner 70, Rome, Italy;

    IDECC, Via G Tomasi di Lampedusa 33, I-00144 Rome, Italy|Rivers State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Appl & Environm Biol, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria;

    Univ Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph KI ZERBO CUPD, Lab Biol & Ecol Anim, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Elephants; Tree vegetation; Population; Decline; Nazinga; Burkina Faso;

    机译：大象;树木植被;人口;衰退;纳津加;布基纳法索;

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