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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Frugivore assemblage of Ficus superba in a warm-temperate forest in Yakushima, Japan
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Frugivore assemblage of Ficus superba in a warm-temperate forest in Yakushima, Japan

机译：日本屋久岛温带森林中榕树的果蝇组合

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Understanding fig consumption patterns is important because figs are regarded as a keystone resource for many frugivorous species in the tropics. While much work on fig consumption has been conducted in tropical regions, temperate forests are particularly interesting for study owing to pronounced seasonal variations in temperature and community-level fruiting phenology. We studied frugivore consumption of Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq. var. japonica Miq syconia in a warm-temperate forest in Yakushima, southern Japan. We conducted 141 4-h focal observations of fruiting F. superba trees over 12 months. We aimed to assess the relative quantitative contribution of each species of frugivore to F. superba consumption over a year as well as factors affecting seasonal variation in consumption. Japanese macaques were by far the most important F. superba syconia consumer (87.6 %), followed by brown-eared bulbuls (5.0 %), and varied tits (4.2 %). Japanese macaques increased their F. superba consumption when the temperature was high and fruit availability (F. superba and other species) was low. Macaques seemed to avoid searching for rare F. superba trees during winter and used F. superba syconia as a fallback food during fruit scarcity. Birds showed the opposite pattern: they increased F. superba syconia consumption when the temperature was low and fruit availability was high. This was probably because birds eat insects as their main food in the summer and switch to fruit as autumn turns to winter.
机译：了解无花果的消费方式非常重要，因为无花果被视为热带地区许多食肉物种的重要资源。尽管在热带地区已经开展了许多有关无花果消费的工作，但由于温度和社区水平的果实物候发生明显的季节性变化，温带森林尤其值得研究。我们研究了榕树（Miq。）Miq的节食食用。变种日本南部屋久岛温带森林中的粳稻Miq syconia。我们在12个月内进行了141个小时4小时的结果调查，结果显示了超级果树。我们的目的是评估一年中各种食草动物对超级碗藻的食用的相对定量贡献，以及影响食用季节变化的因素。迄今为止，日本猕猴是最重要的双歧杆菌感染者（87.6％），其次是棕耳bulb（5.0％）和山雀（4.2％）。当温度高而水果供应量（F. superba和其他物种）低时，日本猕猴增加了F. superba的消费。猕猴似乎避免在冬季寻找稀有的F. superba树，并在水果短缺期间将F. superba syconia用作后备食物。鸟类表现出相反的模式：温度较低且果实可利用性较高时，它们增加了双歧杆菌的食用。这可能是因为鸟类在夏天以昆虫为主要食物，而在秋天变成冬天时变成了水果。

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