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Long-term dynamics of small fragmented forests inferred from patterns along a gradient of fragment sizes

机译：根据碎片大小梯度的模式推断小碎片森林的长期动态

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Although forest fragmentation has wide-ranging effects on remnant biota and ecosystem functions, the long-term dynamics of fragmented forests is poorly understood. In 2011, we resurveyed eight fragments (0.3-8.5 ha) of a Japanese temperate deciduous forest, which was fragmented anthropogenically in the 1940s and 1950s and initially surveyed in 1999, to infer the long-term dynamics of these forest fragments. We compared tree size distributions, aboveground biomass, and community composition over the 12-year period between surveys. We also reconstructed the disturbance history using a dendroecological analysis of tree-ring series. Smaller fragments had a lower density of large trees in 1999, and small-scale disturbance events were estimated to be relatively frequent around the same time that the forest was fragmented. These results were consistent with the expectation that tree mortality would increase following fragmentation. While elevated tree mortality in the small fragments suggests a greater loss of biomass density compared with larger fragments, the aboveground biomass recovered more rapidly in the smaller fragments over the 12-year census interval. However, some small fragments showed extraordinary rates of biomass increases, suggesting that they were not simply the result of a recovery from the fragmentation event, but also reflected recoveries from more recent disturbances. As a result, although the species composition of the smaller fragments approached that of the larger fragments over time, the density of large trees was still lower in the smaller fragments in 2011. Our results emphasize the need to consider such complex forest dynamics when predicting functional consequences of fragmentation.
机译：尽管森林破碎化对残余生物区系和生态系统功能有广泛影响，但人们对破碎森林的长期动态知之甚少。 2011年，我们对日本温带落叶林的8个碎片（0.3-8.5公顷）进行了重新测量，该碎片在1940年代和1950年代人为破碎，并于1999年进行了初步调查，以推断这些森林碎片的长期动态。我们在两次调查之间的12年期间比较了树木的大小分布，地上生物量和群落组成。我们还使用树环系列的树状生态学分析重建了干扰历史。较小的碎片在1999年的大树密度较低，据估计，小规模的干扰事件在森林破碎的同一时间相对频繁。这些结果与人们的期望一致，即树木破碎后树木死亡率会增加。虽然小碎片中树木的死亡率升高表明与大碎片相比，生物量密度损失更大，但在12年的人口普查间隔中，小碎片中地上生物量的恢复速度更快。但是，一些小碎片显示出非常高的生物量增加速率，这表明它们不仅是碎片事件恢复的结果，而且还反映了近期干扰的恢复。结果，尽管随着时间的流逝，较小碎片的物种组成接近较大碎片的物种组成，但较小碎片中的大树密度在2011年仍然较低。我们的结果强调，在预测功能时需要考虑这种复杂的森林动态碎片化的后果。

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