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Geographic association and temporal variation of chemical and physical defense and leaf damage in Datura stramonium

机译：曼陀罗的地理关联和化学和物理防御与叶片损伤的时间变化

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摘要

The evolution of plant defense traits has traditionally been explained trough the "coevolutionary arms race" between plants and herbivores. According to this, specialist herbivores have evolved to cope effectively with the defensive traits of their host plants and may even use them as a cue for host location. We analyzed the geographic association between leaf trichomes, two tropane alkaloids (putative resistance traits), and leaf damage by herbivores in 28 populations of Datura stramonium in central Mexico. Since the specialist leaf beetles Epitrix parvula and Lema trilineata are the main herbivores of D. stramonium in central Mexico, we predicted a positive association between plant defense and leaf damage across populations. Also, if physical environmental conditions (temperature or precipitation) constrain the expression of plant defense, then the geographic variation in leaf damage should be explained partially by the interaction between defensive traits and environmental factors. Furthermore, we studied the temporal and spatial variation in leaf trichome density and leaf damage in five selected populations of D. stramonium sampled in two periods (1997 vs. 2007). We found a positive association between leaf trichomes density and atropine concentration with leaf damage across populations. The interaction between defensive traits and water availability in each locality had a significant effect on the geographic variation in leaf damage. Differences among populations in leaf trichome density are maintained over time. Our results indicate that local plant-herbivore interaction plays an important role in shaping the geographic and temporal variation in plant defense in D. stramonium.
机译：传统上已经通过植物与食草动物之间的“共同进化军备竞赛”解释了植物防御性状的演变。据此，专业食草动物已经进化为有效应对其寄主植物的防御性状，甚至可能将其用作寄主定位的线索。我们分析了墨西哥中部28个曼陀罗属中的叶毛，两个托烷生物碱（推定性状）和食草动物对叶的损害之间的地理联系。由于专业叶甲虫Epitrix parvula和Lema trilineata是墨西哥中部D. stramonium的主要草食动物，因此我们预测了植物防御与各种群叶片损害之间存在正相关。同样，如果物理环境条件（温度或降水）限制了植物防御的表达，则应通过防御性状与环境因素之间的相互作用来部分解释叶片损害的地理变化。此外，我们研究了在两个时期（1997年与2007年）采样的五个选定的D. stramonium种群的叶片毛状体密度和叶片损伤的时空变化。我们发现叶片毛状体密度和阿托品浓度与人群间叶片损伤之间呈正相关。防御性状与每个地方的水分供应之间的相互作用对叶片损伤的地理变化具有显着影响。随着时间的流逝，种群之间叶片毛状体密度的差异得以维持。我们的研究结果表明，当地植物-草食动物的相互作用在塑造D. stramonium中植物防御的地理和时间变化中起着重要作用。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2013年第4期|663-672|共10页
  • 作者

    Guillermo Castillo; Laura L. Cruz; Johnattan Hernandez-Cumplido; Ken Oyama; Cesar Mateo Flores-Ortiz; Juan Fornoni; Pedro L. Valverde; Juan Nunez-Farfan;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratorio de Genetica Ecologica y Evolution, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,Distrito Federal, Mexico;

    Laboratorio de Genetica Ecologica y Evolution, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,Distrito Federal, Mexico;

    Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology,University of Neuchatel (UNINE), Emile Argand 11,2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland;

    Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia,Michoacan, Mexico;

    Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, UBIPRO, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Apartado Postal 314, 54090 Mexico,Estado de Mexico, Mexico;

    Laboratorio de Genetica Ecologica y Evolution, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,Distrito Federal, Mexico;

    Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apartado postal 55-535,09340 Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico;

    Laboratorio de Genetica Ecologica y Evolution, Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,Distrito Federal, Mexico;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Datura stramonium; Geographic variation; Herbivory; Tropane alkaloids; Leaf trichomes; Plant defense; Solanaceae;

    机译：曼陀罗地理变化;食草Tropane生物碱;叶毛植物防御;茄科;

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