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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Flower production of Aster tripolium is affected by behavioral differences in livestock species and stocking densities: the role of activity and selectivity
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Flower production of Aster tripolium is affected by behavioral differences in livestock species and stocking densities: the role of activity and selectivity

机译：紫花苜蓿的花卉生产受到牲畜物种和种群密度的行为差异的影响：活性和选择性的作用

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摘要

Semi-natural grasslands are an important habitat for endangered plant and animal species. In grasslands, low-intensity livestock grazing is frequently applied as a tool for nature conservation. We aim to investigate how different livestock species in various densities influence the state and flower production of a single plant species by selective defoliation and/or trampling. We hypothesized that (1) moderate stocking densities would cause more damage than low, and that (2) horses would cause more damage than cattle due to their higher activity. The experiment took place in a salt marsh in the Netherlands where grazing treatments with horses and cattle in two stocking densities were installed. Damage to individual Aster tripolium plants and number of flower heads were recorded at the end of the grazing season in late September. We found (1) more damage and fewer flower heads in moderate stocking densities compared to low densities. However, a reduction of flower heads by higher stocking densities was less clear with cattle. No clear difference (2) between livestock species was found, due to opposite trends in moderate and low densities. At low stocking densities, cattle caused more damage by selective defoliation. At moderate densities, horses caused more damage, because of their higher mobility, which led to damage by trampling. We conclude that the response of Aster to grazing is strongly affected by behavioral differences between livestock species. Grazing experiments and management schemes for semi-natural grasslands should therefore not only consider stocking densities, but also livestock species to reach desired conservation goals.
机译：半天然草原是濒危动植物物种的重要栖息地。在草原上，低强度牲畜放牧经常被用作自然保护的工具。我们旨在研究不同密度的不同牲畜物种如何通过选择性脱叶和/或践踏来影响单个植物物种的状态和花卉生产。我们假设（1）适度的放养密度会比低密度的放牧造成更多的损害，并且（2）由于马匹的高活性，马匹造成的损害比牛更严重。实验在荷兰的一个盐沼中进行，在那里以两种放养密度对马和牛进行了放牧处理。在9月下旬的放牧季节结束时，记录了对单个紫苑三叶草植物的损害和头花的数量。我们发现（1）与低密度的中度放养密度相比，更大的伤害和更少的头花。但是，对于较高的放养密度，减少头花的情况尚不清楚。由于中等和低密度的相反趋势，没有发现牲畜物种之间的明显差异（2）。在低饲养密度下，牛因选择性脱叶而造成更多的损害。在中等密度的情况下，马的活动性更高，因此造成的伤害更大，这导致践踏对马的伤害。我们得出的结论是，紫ster对放牧的反应受到牲畜物种之间行为差异的强烈影响。因此，半天然草原的放牧实验和管理方案不仅应考虑种群密度，而且还应考虑牲畜物种以达到所需的保护目标。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2013年第5期|821-831|共11页
  • 作者

    Stefanie Nolte; Peter Esselink; Jan P. Bakker;

  • 作者单位

    Community and Conservation Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands;

    Community and Conservation Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands Puccimar, Boermarke 35, 9481 HD Vries, The Netherlands;

    Community and Conservation Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Grazing; Semi-natural grassland; Salt marsh; Cattle; Horse;

    机译：放牧;半天然草原;盐沼牛;马;

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