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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >hy do ants shift their foraging from extrafloral nectar to aphid honeydew?
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hy do ants shift their foraging from extrafloral nectar to aphid honeydew?

机译：蚂蚁为什么将它们的觅食从花蜜转移到蚜虫蜜露上？

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摘要

When aphids parasitize plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and aphid colony size is small, ants frequently use EFNs but hardly tend aphids. However, as the aphid colony size increases, ants stop using EFNs and strengthen their associations with aphids. Although the shift in ant behavior is important for determining the dynamics of the ant-plant-aphid interaction, it is not known why this shift occurs. Here, we test two hypotheses to explain the mechanism responsible for this behavioral shift: (1) Extrafloral nectar secretion changes in response to aphid herbivory, or (2) plants do not change extrafloral nectar secretion, but the total reward to ants from aphids will exceed that from EFNs above a certain aphid colony size. To judge which mechanism is plausible, we investigated secretion patterns of extrafloral nectar produced by plants with and without aphids, compared the amount of sugar supplied by EFNs and aphids, and examined whether extrafloral nectar or honeydew was more attractive to ants. Our results show that there was no inducible extrafloral secretion in response to aphid herbivory, but the sugar concentration in extrafloral nectar was higher than in honeydew, and more ant workers were attracted to an artificial extrafloral nectar solution than to an artificial aphid honeydew solution. These results indicate that extrafloral nectar is a more attractive reward than aphid honeydew per unit volume. However, even an aphid colony containing only two individuals can supply a greater reward to ants than EFNs. This suggests that the ant behavioral shift may be explained by the second hypothesis.
机译：当蚜虫用花外蜜（EFNs）寄生植物并且蚜虫菌落大小很小时，蚂蚁经常使用EFN，但几乎不倾向于蚜虫。但是，随着蚜虫菌落大小的增加，蚂蚁会停止使用EFN并加强其与蚜虫的联系。尽管蚂蚁行为的变化对于确定蚂蚁－植物－蚜虫相互作用的动力学很重要，但尚不清楚为什么会发生这种变化。在这里，我们测试两个假设以解释造成这种行为转变的机制：（1）蚜虫食草反应引起的花外花蜜分泌变化，或者（2）植物不会改变花外花蜜的分泌，但是蚜虫对蚂蚁的总回报会超过某些蚜虫菌落大小的EFN。为了判断哪种机理是合理的，我们调查了有和没有蚜虫的植物产生的花蜜的分泌模式，比较了EFN和蚜虫提供的糖量，并研究了花蜜或蜜露对蚂蚁的吸引力。我们的结果表明，没有对蚜虫草食动物的诱导性外生分泌物，但是花外花蜜中的糖浓度高于蜜露，并且更多的蚂蚁工人被人工花蜜外露吸引而不是被人工蚜虫蜜露吸引。这些结果表明，每单位体积的花蜜比蚜虫蜜露更具吸引力。但是，即使是仅包含两个个体的蚜虫菌落，也可以比EFN提供更多的蚂蚁奖励。这表明，第二种假设可以解释蚂蚁的行为转变。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2013年第5期|919-926|共8页
  • 作者

    Noboru Katayama; David H. Hembry; Masaru K. Hojo; Nobuhiko Suzuki;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 3-509 Hirano 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu 131 Horonobe-cho, Hokkaido 098-2943, Japan;

    Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 3-509 Hirano 2-chome, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu 131 Horonobe-cho, Hokkaido 098-2943, Japan;

    Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1 Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;

    Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    HPLC; Indirect interaction; Mutualism; Plant-animal interaction; Sugar;

    机译：HPLC;间接互动;互助;植物与动物的相互作用;糖;

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