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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Cascading effects of larval Crucian carp introduction on phytoplankton and microbial communities in a paddy field:top-down and bottom-up controls
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Cascading effects of larval Crucian carp introduction on phytoplankton and microbial communities in a paddy field:top-down and bottom-up controls

机译：引进Cru幼虫对稻田浮游植物和微生物群落的级联效应：自上而下和自下而上的控制

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Effects of fish predation propagate through aquatic food webs, where the classical grazing food chain and microbial loop are interwoven by trophic interactions. The overall impact on aquatic food webs is further complicated because fish may also exert bottom-up controls through nutrient regeneration. Yet, we still have limited information about cascading effects among fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and microbes. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to evaluate effects offish introduction on plankton communities. Six plots were set in factorial combination with fish introduction and rice straw plowing in a paddy field, and the experiment was continued for 4 weeks. Introduction of fish significantly increased chlorophyll a concentrations in smaller size fractions (< 15 μm) and abundances of filamentous bacteria (> 5 μm in length) and heterotro-phic nanoflagellates in 3-15 μm fraction. Microbes in 0.8-3 μm fraction showed increasing but not significant trends in response to fish introduction. These results indicate cascading effects of fish predation operating via two pathways, one through grazing food chain and the other through microbial food web. Phytoplankton community compositions shifted in similar fashion in all plots until 1 week after fish introduction, and then diverged between plots with and without fish thereafter. Bottom-up effects of fish introduction were suggested by increases of total chlorophyll a and inedible phytoplankton species in response to fish introduction. This study provides an example of how fish predation regulates biomass and structure of phytoplankton and microbial communities.
机译：鱼类捕食的影响通过水生食物网传播，其中经典的放牧食物链和微生物环通过营养相互作用相互交织。对水生食物网的总体影响更加复杂，因为鱼类还可能通过营养再生来实现自下而上的控制。但是，关于鱼类，浮游动物，浮游植物和微生物之间的级联效应的信息仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们进行了介观试验，以评估鱼类对浮游生物群落的影响。在水田与鱼类引入和稻草犁耕相结合，设置了六个样地，该实验继续进行了4周。鱼类的引入显着提高了较小尺寸级分（<15μm）中叶绿素a的浓度，以及3-15μm级中丰富的丝状细菌（长度> 5μm）和异养纳米鞭毛的浓度。 0.8-3μm比例的微生物对鱼类的引入显示出增加的趋势，但没有明显的趋势。这些结果表明鱼类捕食的级联效应通过两种途径进行，一种途径是通过放牧食物链，另一种途径是通过微生物食物网。直到鱼类引入后1周，浮游植物的群落组成在所有样地中都以相似的方式转移，然后在有鱼和无鱼的样地之间分叉。鱼类引入的自下而上的影响是通过增加总叶绿素a和不可食用的浮游植物种类来暗示的。这项研究提供了鱼类捕食如何调节浮游植物和微生物群落生物量和结构的例子。

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