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Size-specific growth patterns and estimated longevity of the unionid mussel (Pronodularia japanensis)

机译：贻贝贻贝的大小特异性生长模式和估计的寿命

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Despite the dwindling populations and an urgent need for conservation of unionid freshwater mussels in Japan, there are gaps in our understating of their fundamental ecology. This study examined size-dependent annual growth rates, elucidated size-specific intra-annual growth patterns, and estimated age and longevity of P. japanensis individuals for two locally isolated populations in agricultural drainage channels. Annual growth rates of P. japanensis were strongly size-dependent, with growth rates being exponentially decelerated with increasing shell length. Irrespective of sizes, individuals ceased to grow in winter when water temperature fell below 10℃. Intra-annual growth patterns were weakly explained by the changes in water temperature and differed among size classes; juveniles (< 25 mm) maximized growth rate in May whereas the growth rates were the highest in June or July for larger individuals. Only adult individuals exhibited growth cessation in the July-August period, suggesting that energy investment was directed towards reproductive activities. Adults also showed negative growth rates (shrinkage of individuals) in winter, suggesting possible dissolution of shell margins. Age estimation based on two 1-year periods suggests that large numbers of P. japanensis individuals were > 10 years old, and the oldest individuals were > 20 years old for both study populations. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic activities conducted in spring may have strong influences on juveniles and population dynamics of P. japanensis and underscore the need for accurately determining age and longevity of remaining populations of unionid mussels.
机译：尽管日本人口减少，并且迫切需要保护野生的淡水贻贝，但我们对其基本生态的低估仍然存在差距。这项研究检查了依赖大小的年增长率，阐明了特定大小的年内增长模式以及估计的农业引水渠中两个局部隔离种群的日本对虾个体的年龄和寿命。日本对虾的年生长速度强烈依赖于大小，其生长速度随着壳长的增加而呈指数下降。不论大小，冬天当水温降至10℃以下时，个体都会停止生长。水温的变化不能很好地解释年内生长方式，并且在大小等级之间存在差异。青少年（<25毫米）在5月的增长率最高，而较大的个体在6月或7月的增长率最高。在7月至8月期间，只有成年个体表现出停止增长的趋势，这表明能源投资是针对生殖活动的。成年人在冬季也显示出负增长速度（个体收缩），表明壳边缘可能解散。基于两个1年期的年龄估算表明，两个研究人群的日本假单胞菌个体均大于10岁，而年龄最大的个体大于20岁。我们的发现表明，春季进行的人为活动可能会对日本对虾的幼虫和种群动态产生强烈影响，并强调需要准确确定余生的贻贝种群的年龄和寿命。

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