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Simulation of the effects of deer browsing on forest dynamics

机译：鹿浏览对森林动态影响的模拟

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I introduced forest dynamics to a deterministic herbivore-vegetation model to examine the effects of vertically stratified forest structure on the dynamics of the herbivore-vegetation system, the resilience and stable states of vegetation, and the interactions between deer populations and vegetation. I constructed a model based on data from field studies performed in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Three phases of state were identified for a given deer density: (1) understory vegetation is maintained with a equilibrium proportion of canopy gaps in the absence of deer; (2) if the equilibrium proportion of canopy gaps is greater than that in the equilibrium state in the absence of deer, the understory vegetation can be maintained; and (3) the understory vegetation cannot be maintained. At the boundary between phases 2 and 3, the herbivore population level had discontinuous effects on vegetation. When the deer density was held below the threshold, forest vegetation had resilience to recover to the equilibrium stable state at the given deer density, although the equilibrium canopy gap ratio and vegetation biomass differed with deer density. However, the forest vegetation-herbivore system could not be maintained in a stable state without artificial deer population management if food limitation was the only mechanism to keep the deer population at low levels. The deer population must be kept below the boundary between phases 1 and 2 to maintain the forest regeneration processes. The level cannot be determined by observing the deer population; careful observation of forest regeneration processes is required.
机译：我将森林动力学引入确定性草食动物－植被模型，以研究垂直分层森林结构对草食动物－植被系统的动力学，植被的弹性和稳定状态以及鹿种群与植被之间的相互作用的影响。我基于在日本北部北海道进行的实地研究数据构建了一个模型。对于给定的鹿密度，确定了三个阶段的状态：（1）在没有鹿的情况下，林下植被保持有一定比例的冠层间隙； （2）如果没有鹿的话，冠层间隙的平衡比例要大于平衡状态下的比例，则可以维持林下植被。 （3）地下植被无法维持。在阶段2和阶段3之间的边界处，草食动物种群水平对植被产生了不连续的影响。当鹿的密度保持在阈值以下时，尽管平衡冠层的空隙率和植被生物量随鹿的密度而有所不同，但在给定的鹿密度下，森林植被具有恢复至平衡稳定状态的弹性。但是，如果粮食限制是使鹿群保持在低水平的唯一机制，那么没有人工鹿群管理就无法使森林植被-草食动物系统保持稳定状态。鹿群必须保持在第一阶段和第二阶段之间的边界以下，以维持森林的再生过程。该水平不能通过观察鹿的数量来确定；需要仔细观察森林的再生过程。

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