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Influence of air pollution on the mountain forests along the Tateyama-Kurobe Alpine route

机译：空气污染对立山-黑部阿尔卑斯山脉沿线山区森林的影响

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摘要

The effects of air pollution on the growth of mountain trees were investigated at Buna-daira (1,180 m a.s.l.), about half the way up Mt. Tateyama, located in Japan. Every year, about 1 million tourists are transported by highland buses through the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine route. Since the route opened in 1971, some tree species along the road have declined and have been blighted, suggesting that bus exhaust was the cause. However, the level of regional and long-range trans-boundary air pollution has also increased significantly over the last few decades. The atmospheric NO_2 concentration at the roadside in the forest was highly correlated with the traffic density of buses and penetration of the exhaust into the forest was detected. However, thernmaximum average NO_2 concentration was lower than 3.5 ppbv during the peak traffic period in the year. At Buna-daira, the total stem cross-sectional area at breast height (BA) of the forest was nearly unchanged from 1999 to 2006, but the BA of Fagus crenata decreased 10% and that of Cryptomeria japonka increased 6%. Neither tree growth nor tree death was significantly correlated with distance from the road. The cause of the decline of F. crenata could not be attributed to the effects of road, i.e., air pollution emitted from the buses or edge effects of the road. This area was more affected by regional, long-range transport of air pollution (O_3, SO_2, etc.). The average atmospheric O_3 concentration in autumn was higher than 40 ppbv and the recent increase in the O_3 concentration may be an important factor of F. crenata decline through the changes in the interspecific relationships between F. crenata and C. japonica, O_3 sensitive and tolerant species, respectively.
机译：在Buna-daira（海拔1,180 m a.s.l.）调查了空气污染对山林生长的影响。立山，位于日本。每年，大约有100万人次的游客乘坐高地巴士通过立山黑部阿尔卑斯山脉路线。自1971年开通这条路线以来，沿路的一些树种已经衰落并枯萎，这表明造成公交车尾气的原因。但是，在过去的几十年中，区域和远程跨界空气污染的水平也显着增加。森林中路边的大气NO_2浓度与公共汽车的交通密度高度相关，并检测到废气进入森林。然而，在一年的交通高峰期，最大平均NO_2浓度低于3.5 ppbv。在Buna-daira，从1999年到2006年，森林的胸高（BA）总茎截面积几乎没有变化，但Fagus crenata的BA下降了10％，而Cryptomeria japonka的BA增加了6％。树木的生长和树木的死亡均与道路距离无关。 Crenata下降的原因不能归因于道路的影响，即公共汽车排放的空气污染或道路的边缘影响。该区域受到区域性远程空气污染（O_3，SO_2等）的影响更大。秋季大气中O_3的平均浓度高于40 ppbv，O_3浓度的近期升高可能是通过改变F. crenata和C. japonica之间的种间关系而对C. crenata下降的一个重要因素，O_3敏感且耐受种类。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2009年第4期|821-830|共10页
  • 作者

    Atsushi Kume; Satoshi Nuinata; Koichi Watanabe; Hideharu Honoki; Haruki Nakajima; Megumi Ishida;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan Ashoro Research F'orest, Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture. Kyushu University, North 5-1-85 Ashoro, Hokkaido 089-3705, Japan;

    Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;

    College of Technology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Toyama 939-0398, Japan;

    Toyama Science Museum, 1-8-31 Nishinakano-machi, Toyama 939-8084, Japan;

    Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, 3 Yoshimine. Tateyama-machi, Toyama 930-1362, Japan;

    Gifu Field Science Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    air pollution; diesel exhaust; forest decline; nitrogen dioxide; ozone;

    机译：空气污染;柴油机排气森林衰退;二氧化氮;臭氧;

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