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Effects of habitat fragmentation by damming on salmonid fishes: lessons from white-spotted charr in Japan

机译：拦河坝对鲑鱼造成的栖息地破碎化的影响：来自日本白点鲑的教训

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摘要

Dam construction has serious consequences, and one of the most serious concerns is the fragmentation of riverine ecosystems. We reviewed the influence of habitat fragmentation on white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis populations. First, habitat fragmentation by damming has serious consequences in terms of alternative life-history strategies. Most fish in dammed-off areas do not migrate to the sea and instead become resident forms. This loss of the anadromous form negatively affects populations through decreased spawning biomass. In addition, the smaller population sizes in dammed-off habitats can negatively affect population dynamics through demographic, environmental, and genetic sto-chasticity. Therefore, the population viability is reduced in small, dammed-off habitats. White-spotted charr populations also likely experience different selection pressures after damming. Many of these effects of habitat fragmentation due to damming are not immediate but rather occur gradually over several generations. Because most Japanese dams were constructed after 1970, some effects of damming may not yet be obvious.
机译：大坝建设产生了严重后果，最严重的问题之一是河流生态系统的碎片化。我们审查了栖息地破碎化对白斑的炭疽鲑种群的影响。首先，在其他生活史策略方面，由于水坝造成的栖息地破碎化会产生严重后果。在受阻地区，大多数鱼类不会迁移到海中，而是变成定居者。这种无形态形式的损失通过减少产卵生物量而对种群产生不利影响。此外，在受限制的栖息地中较小的种群数量会通过人口，环境和遗传随机性对种群动态产生负面影响。因此，在狭窄的，受限制的生境中种群生存力降低。筑坝后，白斑的炭黑种群也可能经历不同的选择压力。由于筑坝造成的栖息地破碎化的许多影响不是立即产生的，而是在几代人之后逐渐发生的。由于大多数日本大坝是在1970年以后建造的，因此某些筑坝效果可能尚不明显。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2009年第4期|711-722|共12页
  • 作者

    Kentaro Morita; Shoko H. Morita; Shoichiro Yamamoto;

  • 作者单位

    Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Kushiro 085-0802, Japan;

    Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Kushiro 085-0802, Japan;

    National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko 321-1661, Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    isolation; anadromous; PVA; extinction; FA;

    机译：隔离;坏的PVA;灭绝F A;

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