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Comparative study of additive basal area of conifers in forest ecosystems along elevational gradients

机译：海拔梯度上森林生态系统针叶树可积面积的比较研究

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We examined the basal area of two life forms (conifers vs. broadleaf trees) along elevational gradients on Yakushima Island, Japan and on two series of geological substrate on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. On Yakushima, total stand basal area abruptly increased from 700 to 1,050 m in accordance with the high dominance of conifers, indicating the presence of additive basal area of conifers in conifer-broadleaf mixed forests at higher elevations (1,050-1,300 m). Along two substrate series on Kinabalu, some forests at higher elevations (1,860-3,080 m) showed relatively high dominance of conifers, but conifer basal area did not appear to be additive. Conifers were emergents above the canopy of broadleaf trees in mixed forests on Yakushima, but two life forms usually coexisted in the single-story canopy in mixed forests on Kinabalu. Litterfall rate as a surrogate of productivity decreased with decreasing temperature along elevation on both the sites, but the rate of decrease was slower on Yakushima, where mixed forests at higher elevations showed relatively high rates. Thus, we suggest that additive basal area of conifers was linked to their emergent status, and that it enhanced productivity by complementary use of light by two life forms that occupy different stories. On Yakushima, typhoons are a major disturbance, but do not severely limit the height growth of conifers, allowing the development of two-story mixed forests. On Kinabalu, a major disturbance is El Nino-driven drought, and hydraulic limitation to tree height may explain the non-additive and non-emergent nature of conifers.
机译：我们研究了日本屋久岛上两种生物形式（针叶树与阔叶树）的基础面积，其高度梯度沿婆罗洲京那巴鲁山的两个系列地质基底。在屋久岛，由于针叶树的高度优势，总林分基础面积突然从700增加到1,050 m，这表明在海拔较高（1,050-1,300 m）的针叶-阔叶混交林中存在针叶树的附加基础面积。在京那巴鲁的两个基质系列上，一些海拔较高（1,860-3,080 m）的森林显示出较高的针叶树优势，但针叶树的基础面积似乎没有累加作用。针叶树是在屋久岛上混合森林中阔叶树冠层上方出现的，但通常在京那巴鲁混合森林中的单层冠层中共存在两种生命形式。在两个地点，随海拔升高温度降低，作为生产力替代物的凋落率下降，但在屋久岛（Yakushima），下降率的下降速度较慢，而海拔较高的混交林则相对较高。因此，我们建议将针叶树的附加基础面积与它们的出苗状态联系起来，并通过占据不同故事的两种生命形式对光的互补使用来提高生产力。在屋久岛，台风是主要的干扰，但并没有严格限制针叶树的高度生长，因此可以发展两层混交林。在京那巴鲁，主要的干扰因素是厄尔尼诺现象造成的干旱，对树木高度的水力限制可能解释了针叶树的非累加性和非紧急性。

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