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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Ecological function losses caused by monotonous land use induce crop raiding by wildlife on the island of Yakushima, southern Japan
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Ecological function losses caused by monotonous land use induce crop raiding by wildlife on the island of Yakushima, southern Japan

机译：土地单调使用造成的生态功能丧失导致日本南部屋久岛上野生动植物的农作袭击

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Mass production is a logical outcome of price competition in a capitalist economy. It has resulted in the need for large-scale logging and planting of commercial crops. However, such monotonous land use, or monoculture, has damaged various ecological functions of forests and eroded the beneficial public service provided by forests. In Japan, the most widespread monotonous land use is associated with coniferous plantations, the expansion of which was encouraged by Forest Agency policies from 1958 that were aimed at increasing wood production. By 1986, half of all forested lands had been transformed into single-species conifer plantations. These policies may damage the ecological functions of forests: to provide stable habitats for forest wildlife. In particular, food supplies for wildlife have fluctuated greatly after several decades of logging. Some species have therefore changed their ecology and begun to explore novel environments proactively in order to adapt to such extreme fluctuations. Such species have started to use farmlands that neighbor the plantations. In this sense, crop raiding by wildlife can be regarded as a negative result of monotonous land use due to the loss of ecological functions. Therefore, habitat management to rehabilitate ecological functions and to reorganize the landscape will be required in order to resolve the problem of crop raiding by wildlife. This study examines crop raiding by Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and monkeys (Macaca fuscata) on the island of Yakushima, which typifies crop-raiding situations in Japan.
机译：大规模生产是资本主义经济中价格竞争的必然结果。因此，需要大规模砍伐和种植商品作物。但是，这种单调的土地利用或单一栽培破坏了森林的各种生态功能，侵蚀了森林提供的有益的公共服务。在日本，最单调的土地利用与针叶林有关，针叶林的发展受到了森林局自1958年开始的旨在增加木材产量的政策的鼓励。到1986年，一半的林地已转变为单一物种的针叶林。这些政策可能会破坏森林的生态功能：为森林野生动植物提供稳定的栖息地。尤其是，经过几十年的砍伐，野生动植物的粮食供应大幅波动。因此，一些物种改变了它们的生态，并开始积极探索新的环境，以适应这种极端的波动。这些物种已开始使用邻近人工林的农田。从这个意义上讲，由于丧失了生态功能，野生生物的农作物掠夺可被视为土地单调使用的负面结果。因此，将需要栖息地管理以恢复生态功能并重组景观，以解决野生动植物掠夺农作物的问题。这项研究研究了日本鹿（Cervus nippon）和猴子（猕猴（Macaca fuscata））在屋久岛（Yakushima）上的掠食行为，这是日本典型的掠食情况。

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