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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Predator and parasitoid attacking ant-attended aphids: effects of predator presence and attending ant species on emerging parasitoid numbers
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Predator and parasitoid attacking ant-attended aphids: effects of predator presence and attending ant species on emerging parasitoid numbers

机译：掠食性和寄生性攻击蚂蚁的蚜虫：捕食者的存在和伴随的蚂蚁物种对新兴寄生性寄生虫数量的影响

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Interaction between a predator and a parasitoid attacking ant-attended aphids was examined in a system on photinia plants, consisting of the aphid Aphis spiraecola, the two ants Lasius japonicus and Pristo-myrmex pungens, the predatory ladybird beetle Scymnus posticalis, and the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus japonicus. The ladybird larvae are densely covered with waxy secretion and are never attacked by attending ants. The parasitoid females are often attacked by ants, but successfully oviposit by avoiding ants. The two ants differ in aggressiveness towards aphid enemies. Impacts of the predator larvae and attending ant species on the number of parasitoid adults emerging from mummies per aphid colony were assessed by manipulating the presence of the predator in introduced aphid colonies attended by either ant. The experiment showed a significant negative impact of the predator on emerging parasitoid numbers. This is due to consumption of healthy aphids by the predator and its predation on parasitized aphids containing the parasitoid larvae (intraguild predation). Additionally, attending ant species significantly affected emerging parasitoid numbers, with more parasitoids in P. pungens-attended colonies. This results from the lower extent of interference with parasitoid oviposition by the less aggressive P. pungens. Furthermore, the predator reduced emerging parasitoid numbers more when P. pungens attended aphids. This may be ascribed to larger numbers of the predator and the resulting higher levels of predation on unparasitized and parasitized aphids in P. pungens-attended colonies. In conclusion, a negative effect of the predator on the parasitoid occurs in ant-attended aphid colonies, and the intensity of the interaction is affected by ant species.
机译：在一个由植物组成的系统中，检查了捕食者与拟寄生物攻击蚂蚁的蚜虫之间的相互作用，该系统包括蚜虫蚜虫，两种蚂蚁Lasius japonicus和Pristo-myrmex pungens，捕食瓢虫甲虫Scymnus posticalis和拟寄生虫wasp忍冬。瓢虫的幼虫被蜡状分泌物密集地覆盖着，从不会受到蚂蚁的攻击。寄生性雌性动物常被蚂蚁攻击，但通过避开蚂蚁成功地产卵。两只蚂蚁对蚜虫敌人的攻击性不同。捕食者幼虫和伴随的蚂蚁物种对每个蚜虫菌落木乃伊中出现的拟寄生虫成虫数量的影响是通过操纵任一蚂蚁引入的引入的蚜虫菌落中捕食者的存在来进行的。实验表明，捕食者对新出现的类寄生虫数量有明显的负面影响。这是由于捕食者食用了健康的蚜虫，并且捕食了含有寄生性幼虫的被寄生的蚜虫（公会内捕食）。此外，伴随的蚂蚁物种显着影响了新出现的寄生虫数量，在P. pungens照料的菌落中寄生虫数量更多。这是由于侵略性较弱的P. pungens对寄生性类卵子的干扰程度较低。此外，当P. pungens参加蚜虫时，捕食者会更多地减少新出现的寄生虫数量。这可能归因于大量的捕食者，以及在P.pengens照料的菌落中未寄生和被寄生的蚜虫的捕食水平较高。综上所述，在蚂蚁参与的蚜虫菌落中，捕食者对寄生虫有负面影响，并且相互作用的强度受到蚂蚁种类的影响。

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