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Genetic and reproductive consequences of forest fragmentation for populations of Magnolia obovata

机译：森林破碎对木兰种群的遗传和生殖后果

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In order to evaluate the consequences of forest fragmentation on populations of Magnolia obovata, we compared genetic diversity and reproductive characteristics at two nearby sites, one conserved and one fragmented. The genetic diversity between adults trees of the different sites was not significantly different. However, saplings in the conserved site showed a significantly higher genetic diversity than both adult trees in the conserved site and saplings in the fragmented sites; this was found to be the result of the larger gene flow into the conserved site. The density of the adult trees was significantly related to all of the reproductive traits analyzed (fertilization of ovules, insect attack to seeds, ovules that developed into seeds and outcrossing at the stage of seeds) at both sites. At both sites, fertilization of ovules and insect attack on seeds were positively correlated to adult tree density while outcrossing rate was negatively correlated to adult tree density. The fertilization of ovules and outcrossing were more dependent on adult tree density in the fragmented site than in the conserved site. The probability of ovules developing into outcrossed seeds showed a negative correlation with adult tree density at both sites, indicating the advantage of low density for this species and possibly implying a resilience to habitat fragmentation. A two-generation-analysis did not identify significant differences between sites in terms of the structure of the pollen pool and the number of pollen donors. Although fragmentation affected reproductive characteristics, the effect on seedling establishment and subsequent survival remains to be determined. Proposals for future studies that will assist in the development of management strategies for forests suffering fragmentation are made.
机译：为了评估森林破碎对木兰种群的影响，我们比较了两个附近站点的遗传多样性和生殖特征，其中一个是保守的，另一个是破碎的。不同地点的成年树之间的遗传多样性没有显着差异。然而，与在保护区的成年树和在零散位置的树苗相比，在保护区的树苗显示出显着更高的遗传多样性。发现这是更大的基因流入保守位点的结果。在两个位置上，成年树的密度与分析的所有生殖性状（胚珠的受精，对种子的昆虫侵袭，发育成种子的胚珠和种子阶段的异交）显着相关。在两个地方，胚珠的受精和对种子的昆虫侵袭与成年树密度呈正相关，而异交率与成年树密度呈负相关。胚珠的受精和异种交配在片段化部位比在保守部位更依赖于成年树密度。胚珠发育成异种种子的可能性在两个位置均与成年树密度呈负相关，表明该物种密度低的优势，并可能暗示其对生境破碎化的抵抗力。两代分析未发现花粉池结构和花粉供体数量方面的显着差异。尽管破碎影响生殖特性，但对幼苗建立和随后存活的影响尚待确定。提出了有关未来研究的建议，这些建议将有助于制定遭受支离破碎的森林的管理战略。

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