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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Natives adapting to invasive species: ecology, genes, and the sustainability of conservation
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Natives adapting to invasive species: ecology, genes, and the sustainability of conservation

机译：适应入侵物种的土著：生态，基因和保护的可持续性

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Contemporary anthropogenic evolution is common. Biological invasions are an especially dynamic form of novel selection. This paper considers how native species evolve in response to biological invasions and the potential consequences of such evolution. Among numerous recent cases, the most widely reported instances are of phytophagous insects shifting onto introduced host plants. For example, our studies show that in North America and Australia, soapberry bugs evolved substantially after colonizing introduced hosts. Such cases permit close estimation of evolution's direction and rate, and we have used cross-rearing studies of derived and ancestral-type populations to measure changes in reaction norms and performance tradeoffs. Different fitness traits have followed very different paths in evolving to their current phenotypic values. Our hybridization studies show that the genetic architecture of these adaptations involves a surprising degree of non-additive variation (epistasis, dominance). The importance of non-additive genetic variation in rapid evolution will be clarified as more studies take advantage of similar situations. As appreciation grows for the deep contemporary interplay of evolution and ecology, debate about qualitative terms describing evolution's rate will become less relevant. From a conservation standpoint, contemporary evolution in native species presents challenges for ecologically appropriate and sustainable management. Evolving natives and invaders may reconfigure contemporary and future communities. Adaptive evolution may also enhance native communities' capacity to control invasive populations.
机译：当代人为进化是普遍的。生物入侵是小说选择的一种特别动态的形式。本文考虑了本地物种如何响应生物入侵而进化以及这种进化的潜在后果。在众多近期病例中，最广泛报道的例子是吞噬植物的昆虫转移到引入的寄主植物上。例如，我们的研究表明，在北美和澳大利亚，引入定植的寄主定殖后，香皂虫大量进化。这种情况允许密切估计进化的方向和速率，并且我们已经对派生和祖先类型的种群进行了交叉研究，以衡量反应规范的变化和性能的取舍。不同的适应性状在发展为当前的表型值时遵循了截然不同的路径。我们的杂交研究表明，这些适应的遗传结构涉及令人惊讶的非累加变异程度（表位，优势）。随着越来越多的研究利用类似情况，将阐明非累加遗传变异在快速进化中的重要性。随着人们对当代进化与生态之间深层相互作用的认识日益增长，有关描述进化速率的定性术语的争论将变得越来越不相关。从保护的角度来看，当代本地物种的进化对生态学上适当和可持续的管理提出了挑战。不断发展的本地人和入侵者可能会重新配置当代和未来社区。适应性进化也可能增强土著社区控制入侵种群的能力。

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